Inqaku lolwazi 1:Izinto ezichaphazelayo kunye nemilinganiselo yomgangatho wenkqubo ye-welding
Umgangatho wenkqubo ubhekisa kwiqondo lesiqinisekiso somgangatho wemveliso kwinkqubo yokuvelisa.Ngamanye amazwi, umgangatho wemveliso usekwe kumgangatho wenkqubo, kwaye kufuneka ibe nomgangatho ogqwesileyo wokusetyenzwa kwenkqubo ukuvelisa iimveliso ezigqwesileyo.
Umgangatho wemveliso awukho kuphela emva kokugqitywa kwayo yonke imisebenzi yokucubungula kunye nendibano, ngokusebenzisa abasebenzi bokuhlola ixesha elizeleyo ukumisela inani leeparamitha zobugcisa, kwaye bafumane imvume yomsebenzisi nokuba iimfuno zihlangatyeziwe, kodwa ekuqaleni inkqubo yokucubungula ikhona kwaye iqhuba kuyo yonke inkqubo yemveliso.
Ingaba imveliso yokugqibela ifanelekile okanye ayifanelekanga kuxhomekeke kwisiphumo esongezelekayo sazo zonke iimpazamo zenkqubo.Ngoko ke, inkqubo iyikhonkco esisiseko yenkqubo yokuvelisa, kodwa kunye nekhonkco elisisiseko lokuhlola.
Ukuveliswa kwesakhiwo esidityanisiweyo kubandakanya iinkqubo ezininzi, ezifana nokuhlanjululwa kunye nokususwa komhlwa kwezixhobo zetsimbi, ukulungiswa, ukuphawula, ukugubungela, ukusetyenzwa komphetho we-groove, ukwenza, ukufakwa kwesakhiwo esidibeneyo, i-welding, unyango lobushushu, njl. kwaye kukho izinto ezichaphazela umgangatho wayo.
Ekubeni umgangatho wenkqubo ekugqibeleni uya kugqiba umgangatho wemveliso, kuyimfuneko ukuhlalutya izinto ezahlukeneyo ezichaphazela umgangatho wenkqubo kwaye uthathe amanyathelo okulawula asebenzayo ukuqinisekisa umgangatho weemveliso ze-welding.
Izinto ezichaphazela umgangatho wenkqubo zishwankathelwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: abasebenzi, izixhobo, izixhobo, iindlela zenkqubo kunye neenkalo ezintlanu zendawo yokuvelisa, ezibizwa ngokuba "abantu, oomatshini, izinto, iindlela kunye namakhonkco" ezintlanu izinto.Iqondo lempembelelo yento nganye kumgangatho weenkqubo ezahlukeneyo lihluke kakhulu, kwaye kufuneka lihlalutywe ngokweenkcukacha.
I-Welding yinkqubo ebalulekileyo ekuvelisweni kwezakhiwo ezidibeneyo, kwaye izinto ezichaphazela umgangatho wayo nazo ziyimiba emihlanu engentla.
1.Ukuweldaimiba yomsebenzisi
Iindlela ezahlukeneyo ze-welding zixhomekeke kumqhubi kwiidigri ezahlukeneyo.
Kwi-arc welding manual, izakhono zokusebenza ze-welder kunye nesimo sengqondo sokusebenza ngokucophelela kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa umgangatho we-welding.
Ukudibanisa i-arc ngokuzenzekelayo, ukulungiswa kweeparamitha zenkqubo ye-welding kunye ne-welding ayikwazi ukuhlukana nokusebenza komntu.
Kuzo zonke iintlobo ze-semi-automatic welding, ukuhamba kwe-arc kunye ne-weld joint edibeneyo ilawulwa yi-welder.Ukuba ulwazi lwekhwalithi ye-welding ye-welding ayilunganga, ukusebenza ngokungakhathali, ungahambelani neenkqubo ze-welding, okanye izakhono zokusebenza eziphantsi, iteknoloji engafanelekanga iya kuchaphazela umgangatho we-welding ngqo.
Amanyathelo olawulo kubasebenzi be-welding zezi zilandelayo:
(1) Ukomeleza imfundo yokwazisa ngomgangatho wee-welders "umgangatho wokuqala, umsebenzisi kuqala, inkqubo elandelayo ngumsebenzisi", ukuphucula ingqiqo yabo yoxanduva kunye nesimbo sokusebenza ngokucokisekileyo, kunye nokuseka inkqubo yoxanduva olusemgangathweni.
(2) Ukuqeqeshwa komsebenzi rhoqo kubashicileli, ukulawula inkqubo yenkqubo ngokwethiyori, kunye nokuphucula inqanaba lezakhono zokusebenza ekusebenzeni.
(3) Kwimveliso, i-welders ifunwa ukuba ifezekise ngokungqongqo imigaqo yenkqubo ye-welding, kwaye iqinise ukuzihlola kwenkqubo ye-welding kunye nokuhlolwa kwabahloli bexesha elizeleyo.
(4) Ukuphumeza ngononophelo inkqubo yoviwo lwe-welder, ukunamathela kwisatifikethi se-welder, ukuseka iifayile zobugcisa be-welder.
Ukuveliswa kwezakhiwo ezibalulekileyo okanye ezibalulekileyo ezidibeneyo, ukuqwalaselwa ngokubanzi kwe-welder kuyafuneka.Ngokomzekelo, ubude bexesha lokuqeqeshwa kwe-welder, amava okuvelisa, ubume bezobugcisa bangoku, ubudala, ubude benkonzo, amandla omzimba, umbono, ingqalelo, njl., Kufuneka zonke zifakwe kwi-scope of assessment.
2.Izinto zezixhobo zomatshini wokuwelda
Ukusebenza, ukuzinza kunye nokuthembeka kwezixhobo ezahlukeneyo ze-welding zichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo umgangatho we-welding.Okukhona kuntsonkothe ngakumbi ubume besixhobo, kokukhona inqanaba eliphezulu lomatshini kunye ne-automation, kokukhona ukuxhomekeka komgangatho we-welding kuwo.
Ngoko ke, olu hlobo lwezixhobo luyafuneka ukuba lube nokusebenza okungcono kunye nokuzinza.Izixhobo ze-welding kufuneka zihlolwe kwaye zivavanywe ngaphambi kokusetyenziswa, kwaye inkqubo yokuhlola rhoqo kufuneka iphunyezwe kuzo zonke iintlobo ze-in-service welding equipment.
Kwinkqubo yokuqinisekisa umgangatho we-welding, ukuqala ekuqinisekiseni umgangatho wenkqubo ye-welding, umatshini we-welding kunye nezixhobo kufuneka zenze oku kulandelayo:
(1) Ukugcinwa rhoqo, ukugcinwa kunye nokulungiswa kwezixhobo ze-welding, kunye nezakhiwo ezibalulekileyo ze-welding kufuneka zivavanywe ngaphambi kokuveliswa.
(2) Rhoqo jonga i-ammeter, i-voltmeter, imitha yokuhamba kwegesi kunye nezinye izixhobo kwi-welding izixhobo zokuqinisekisa umlinganiselo ochanekileyo ngexesha lokuvelisa.
(3) Ukuseka iifayile zobugcisa bemeko yezixhobo ze-welding ukubonelela ngeengcamango zokuhlalutya kunye nokusombulula iingxaki.
(4) Ukuseka inkqubo yoxanduva lwabasebenzisi bezixhobo ze-welding ukuqinisekisa ukugcinwa kwexesha kunye nokuqhubeka kokugcinwa kwezixhobo.
Ukongeza, iimeko zokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ze-welding, ezinje ngeemfuno zamanzi, umbane, indawo engqongileyo, njl.njl., ukulungelelaniswa kwezixhobo ze-welding, indawo efunekayo yokusebenza, kunye nokulungiswa kweempazamo nazo kufuneka ziqwalaselwe ngokupheleleyo, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo kwezixhobo zokuwelda.
3.Izinto zokuweldainto
Izinto ezisetyenziswayo kwimveliso ye-welding ziquka isiseko sesinyithi, izinto ze-welding (i-electrode, ucingo, i-flux, igesi ekhuselayo), njl.
Ukuze kuqinisekiswe umgangatho we-welding, ukuhlolwa komgangatho wezinto eziluhlaza kubaluleke kakhulu.Kwinqanaba lokuqala lokuvelisa, oko kukuthi, kuyimfuneko ukuvala izinto ngaphambi kokutya, ukwenzela ukuzinzisa imveliso kunye nokuzinzisa umgangatho weemveliso ze-welding.
Kwinkqubo yolawulo lomgangatho we-welding, ulawulo lomgangatho we-welding ekrwada ibandakanya le milinganiselo ilandelayo:
(1) Ukomeleza ukwamkelwa kunye nokuhlolwa kwezixhobo ze-welding ekrwada, kwaye uphinde uhlolisise izalathisi zabo zomzimba kunye neekhemikhali kunye neempawu zoomatshini ukuba kuyimfuneko.
(2) Ukuseka inkqubo yokulawula engqongqo ye-welding ekrwada ukuthintela ukungcoliseka kwezinto ze-welding ngexesha lokugcina.
(3) Ukuphumeza inkqubo yokusebenza yokumakisha ye-welding ekrwada kwimveliso ukufezekisa ukulandelela kunye nokulawula umgangatho we-welding ekrwada.
(4) Khetha iifektri zokubonelela ngezinto ezikrwada kunye neefektri zentsebenziswano ezinodumo oluphezulu kunye nomgangatho olungileyo wemveliso yokuodola kunye nokusetyenzwa, kwaye ngokusisiseko uthintele ukwenzeka kweengozi zomgangatho wokuwelda.
Ngamafutshane, ulawulo lwe-welding ekrwada kufuneka lusekelwe kwiinkcukacha ze-welding kunye nemigangatho yelizwe, ukulandelela ngexesha kunye nokulawulwa komgangatho walo, kunokuba ungene nje ukwamkelwa kwefektri, ukutyeshela ukumakishwa kunye nokuhlolwa kwinkqubo yokuvelisa.
4.Izinto zendlela yeWelding
Umgangatho we-welding uxhomekeke kakhulu kwindlela yenkqubo, kwaye uhlala kwindawo evelele kakhulu kwizinto ezichaphazela umgangatho wenkqubo ye-welding.
Impembelelo yenkqubo yenkqubo kumgangatho we-welding ikakhulu ivela kwimiba emibini, enye yingqiqo yokwenziwa kwenkqubo;Enye kukungqongqo kwenkqubo yokubulawa.
Okokuqala, inkqubo yokuwelda imveliso okanye izinto ezithile kufuneka zivavanywe, kwaye ngoko ngokweemfuno zobugcisa ingxelo yovavanyo inkqubo kunye nemizobo, uphuhliso lweenkqubo ukuwelda inkqubo, ukulungiswa imiyalelo inkqubo welding okanye amakhadi inkqubo welding. , ezichazwe ngendlela ebhaliweyo yeeparameters zenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zisisiseko sokukhokela i-welding.Isekelwe ekufanisweni kweemeko ezifanayo zemveliso ezenziwe ngovavanyo kunye namava aqokelelweyo exesha elide kunye neemfuno ezithile zobugcisa bemveliso kwaye zilungiswe, kukuqinisekisa umgangatho we-welding isiseko esibalulekileyo, ineempawu zokubhaliweyo, ubuzaza. , ubuqili kunye nokuqhubeka.Ngokuqhelekileyo ilungiselelwe ngabachwephesha be-welding abanamava ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kwayo kunye nengqiqo.
Ngesi siseko, ukuqinisekisa ukunyanzeliswa kokuphunyezwa kwendlela yenkqubo, akuvumelekanga ukuba utshintshe iiparameters zenkqubo ngaphandle kwesiseko esaneleyo, kwaye nangona kuyimfuneko ukutshintsha, kufuneka yenze iinkqubo kunye neenkqubo ezithile.
Inkqubo ye-welding engafanelekanga ayinakuqinisekisa i-weld eqinisekisiweyo, kodwa ngeenkqubo ezichanekileyo nezifanelekileyo eziqinisekisiweyo ngovavanyo, ukuba aziphunyezwanga ngokungqongqo, okufanayo akunakukwazi ukuthungatha i-weld efanelekileyo.Ezi zimbini ziyaphelelisana yaye zixhomekeke kwenye, yaye akukho nkalo inokungahoywa okanye ingahoywa.
Kwinkqubo yolawulo lomgangatho we-welding, ulawulo olusebenzayo lwezinto ezichaphazela indlela yenkqubo ye-welding yile:
(1) Inkqubo ye-welding kufuneka ihlolwe ngokuhambelana nemimiselo efanelekileyo okanye imigangatho yesizwe.
(2) Khetha abachwephesha be-welding abanamava ukulungiselela amaxwebhu enkqubo efunekayo, kwaye amaxwebhu enkqubo kufuneka azaliseke kwaye aqhubeke.
(3) Ukuqinisa ulawulo kunye nokulawula kwi-site kwinkqubo ye-welding ngokwemigaqo yenkqubo ye-welding.
(4) Ngaphambi kokuveliswa, ipleyiti yokuvavanya imveliso ye-welding kunye ne-welding process test test plate kufuneka yenziwe ngokuhambelana nemigaqo yenkqubo ye-welding ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kunye nengqiqo yendlela yenkqubo.
Ukongezelela, ukuphuhliswa kwemigaqo yenkqubo ye-welding akukho bukhulu, kwaye kufuneka kubekho isicwangciso sokulungiswa kweengozi ezisemgangathweni kwizakhiwo ezibalulekileyo ze-welding ukunciphisa ilahleko.
5.Umba wokusingqongileyo
Kwindawo ethile, ukuxhomekeka komgangatho we-welding kwimo engqongileyo nako kukhulu.Umsebenzi wokuwelda udla ngokuqhutywa emoyeni wangaphandle, nto leyo ebopheleleke ukuba ichatshazelwe ziimeko zendalo zangaphandle (ezifana nobushushu, ukufuma, umoya kunye nemvula kunye nemozulu yekhephu), kwaye kwimeko yezinye izinto, kunokwenzeka ukuba kubangela iingxaki zomgangatho we-welding ngenxa nje yezinto ezisingqongileyo.
Ngoko ke, kufuneka kuqwalaselwe ingqalelo ethile.Kwinkqubo yolawulo lomgangatho we-welding, imilinganiselo yolawulo lwemiba yokusingqongileyo ilula, xa iimeko zokusingqongileyo azihlangabezani neemfuno zemimiselo, njengomoya omkhulu, isantya somoya esingaphezu kwezine, okanye imozulu yemvula nekhephu, ukufuma okunxulumene nomoya omkhulu. ngaphezu kwe-90%, inokumisa okwethutyana umsebenzi we-welding, okanye ithathe amanyathelo omoya, imvula kunye nekhephu phambi kwe-welding;
Xa i-welding kumaqondo aphantsi, i-carbon steel ephantsi ayiyi kuba ngaphantsi kwe-20 ° C, intsimbi ye-alloy yesiqhelo ayiyi kuba ngaphantsi kwe-10 ° C, njengokugqithisa lo mda weqondo lokushisa, i-workpiece inokufudumala ngokufanelekileyo.
Ngokusebenzisa uhlalutyo olungasentla lwemiba echaphazela umgangatho wemiba emihlanu yenkqubo ye-welding kunye nemilinganiselo yayo yokulawula kunye nemigaqo, kunokubonwa ukuba imiba emihlanu yezinto ezihambelanayo zihambelana kwaye ziwela enye kwenye, kwaye kufuneka kubekho. uqwalaselo olucwangcisiweyo noluqhubekayo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-05-2023