I-weldability yezixhobo zetsimbi ibhekiselele kwisakhono semathiriyeli yentsimbi ukufumana amakhonkco e-welding agqwesileyo kusetyenziswa iinkqubo ezithile ze-welding, kubandakanywa iindlela zokuwelda, izinto zokuwelda, iinkcukacha ze-welding kunye neefom ze-welding zesakhiwo.Ukuba isinyithi sinokufumana i-welding joints egqwesileyo sisebenzisa iinkqubo eziqhelekileyo kunye nezilula ze-welding, kuthathwa njengomsebenzi omhle we-welding.I-weldability yezixhobo zetsimbi ngokubanzi yahlulwe ibe yimiba emibini: inkqubo ye-weldability kunye ne-weldability yesicelo.
Inkqubo weldability: ibhekiselele ekukwazini ukufumana okugqwesileyo, i-welding-free-welded joints phantsi kweemeko ezithile zenkqubo ye-welding.Akusiyo ipropati yendalo yentsimbi, kodwa ihlolwe ngokusekelwe kwindlela ethile ye-welding kunye nemilinganiselo yenkqubo ethile esetyenzisiweyo.Ke ngoko, inkqubo ye-weldability yezinto zetsimbi ihambelana ngokusondeleyo nenkqubo ye-welding.
Inkonzo weldability: ibhekisela kwiqondo apho i-welded joint okanye isakhiwo sonke sidibana nokusebenza kwenkonzo echazwe yimiqathango yobugcisa bemveliso.Ukusebenza kuxhomekeke kwiimeko zokusebenza zesakhiwo esidibeneyo kunye neemfuno zobugcisa ezibekwe phambili kuyilo.Ngokuqhelekileyo ziquka iipropati zoomatshini, ukumelana nobushushu obuphantsi, ukuxhathisa ukuphuka kwe-brittle, ubushushu obuphezulu bokunyuka, iipropati zokudinwa, amandla ahlala ixesha elide, ukuxhathisa i-corrosion kunye nokumelana nokunxiba, njl. kunye ne-09MnNiDR i-low-temperature steels nayo inokumelana nokuqina kobushushu obuphantsi.
Izinto ezichaphazela ukusebenza kwe-welding yezinto zetsimbi
1.Izinto eziphathekayo
Izinto eziphathekayo ziquka isiseko sesinyithi kunye nezixhobo ze-welding.Ngaphantsi kweemeko ezifanayo ze-welding, ezona zinto ziphambili ezibonisa ukumiliselwa kwesiseko sesinyithi zizinto zayo ezibonakalayo kunye nokwakheka kweekhemikhali.
Ngokweempawu ezibonakalayo: izinto ezifana ne-melting point, i-thermal conductivity, i-coefficient yokwandisa umgca, ubuninzi, amandla okushisa kunye nezinye izinto zetsimbi zonke zinefuthe kwiinkqubo ezifana nomjikelezo we-thermal, ukunyibilika, i-crystallization, utshintsho lwesigaba, njl. , ngaloo ndlela ichaphazela ukuwelda.Izinto eziphathekayo ezinomgangatho ophantsi we-thermal conductivity ezifana nensimbi engenasici zinemigangatho yokushisa enkulu, uxinzelelo oluphezulu lwe-residual, kunye nokuguqulwa okukhulu ngexesha le-welding.Ngaphezu koko, ngenxa yexesha elide lokuhlala kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu, iinkozo kwindawo echaphazelekayo yokushisa zikhula, eziyonakalisa ukusebenza ngokubambisana.I-Austenitic steel stainless ine-coefficient enkulu yokwandisa i-linear kunye ne-deformation edibeneyo kunye noxinzelelo.
Ngokumalunga nokubunjwa kweekhemikhali, eyona nto inamandla kakhulu yikhabhoni, oku kuthetha ukuba umxholo wekhabhoni wesinyithi umisela i-weldability yayo.Uninzi lwezinye izinto zokudibanisa kwintsimbi azihambisani ne-welding, kodwa impembelelo yazo incinci kakhulu kunekhabhoni.Njengoko umxholo wekhabhoni kwintsimbi ukhula, ukuthambekela kokuqina kuyanda, iplastiki iyancipha, kwaye ukuqhekeka kwe-welding kuyenzeka.Ngokuqhelekileyo, uvakalelo lwezixhobo zetsimbi kwiintanda ngexesha le-welding kunye notshintsho kwiipropati zemishini yendawo edibeneyo edibeneyo isetyenziswa njengezibonakaliso eziphambili zokuvavanya ukuxhamla kwezinto.Ke ngoko, okukhona uphezulu umxholo wekhabhoni, kokukhona ukuqina kwe-weldability.Intsimbi yekhabhoni ephantsi kunye nentsimbi ephantsi ye-alloy enomxholo wekhabhoni engaphantsi kwe-0.25% ineplastiki egqwesileyo kunye nokuqina kwempembelelo, kunye neplastiki kunye nokuqina kwempembelelo yamalungu adibeneyo emva kwe-welding nayo ilungile kakhulu.Ukushisa kwangaphambili kunye nokuphathwa kokushisa kwe-post-weld akufuneki ngexesha le-welding, kwaye inkqubo ye-welding kulula ukuyilawula, ngoko ine-weldability efanelekileyo.
Ukongeza, imeko yokunyibilikisa kunye nokuqengqeleka, imeko yonyango lobushushu, urhulumente wombutho, njl. njlI-weldability yentsimbi inokuphuculwa ngokucokisa okanye ukucokisa iinkozo kunye neenkqubo ezilawulwayo zokuqengqeleka.
Izinto zokuwelda zithatha inxaxheba ngokuthe ngqo kuthotho lweempendulo zemichiza yesinyithi ngexesha lenkqubo ye-welding, emisela ukubunjwa, ubume, iipropati kunye nokwakheka kwesiphene sentsimbi ye-weld.Ukuba izinto zokuthungatha zikhethwe ngokungafanelekanga kwaye azihambelani nesiseko sesinyithi, kungekhona nje ukuba idibeneyo ehlangabezana neemfuno zokusetyenziswa ayifumaneki, kodwa iziphene ezifana nokuqhekeka kunye noshintsho kwiimpawu zesakhiwo nazo ziya kuqaliswa.Ngoko ke, ukhetho oluchanekileyo lwezixhobo zokudibanisa luyinto ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni amalunga aphezulu adibeneyo.
2. Imiba yenkqubo
Izinto zenkqubo ziquka iindlela ze-welding, i-welding process parameters, ulandelelwano lwe-welding, ukufudumala, ukufudumeza emva kokufudumeza kunye nonyango lokushisa emva kwe-weld, njl. Indlela ye-welding inempembelelo enkulu kwi-weldability, ngokukodwa kwimiba emibini: iimpawu zomthombo wokushisa kunye neemeko zokukhusela.
Iindlela ezahlukeneyo ze-welding zinemithombo yokushisa eyahluke kakhulu ngokwamandla, ubuninzi bamandla, ubushushu obukhulu bokufudumeza, njl njl.Ngokomzekelo, amandla e-electroslag welding aphezulu kakhulu, kodwa ubuninzi bamandla buphantsi kakhulu, kwaye ubushushu obuphezulu bokufudumala abukho phezulu.Ukufudumeza kucotha ngexesha le-welding, kwaye ixesha lokuhlala lobushushu eliphakamileyo lide, kubangele iinkozo ezirhabaxa kwindawo echaphazelekileyo kubushushu kunye nokuncipha okubonakalayo kokuqina kwempembelelo, ekufuneka ibe yesiqhelo.Ukuphucula.Ngokwahlukileyo, i-electron beam welding, i-laser welding kunye nezinye iindlela zinamandla aphantsi, kodwa ubuninzi bamandla kunye nokufudumeza ngokukhawuleza.Ixesha lokuhlala lobushushu obuphezulu lifutshane, indawo echaphazelekayo yobushushu incinci kakhulu, kwaye akukho bungozi bokukhula okuziinkozo.
Ukulungelelanisa iiparamitha zenkqubo ye-welding kunye nokwamkela ezinye iindlela zenkqubo ezifana nokushisa kwangaphambili, ukufudumeza, ukutshisa i-multi-layer kunye nokulawula ukushisa kwe-interlayer kunokulungelelanisa nokulawula umjikelo we-welding thermal, ngaloo ndlela utshintsha ukuwelda kwentsimbi.Ukuba imilinganiselo efana nokutshisa ngaphambi kokuba i-welding okanye unyango lobushushu emva kokuba kuthatyathwe i-welding, kunokwenzeka ngokupheleleyo ukuba ufumane ama-welded joints ngaphandle kweziphene zokuqhekeka ezihlangabezana neemfuno zokusebenza.
3. Imiba yesakhiwo
Ikakhulu ibhekisa kuhlobo loyilo lwesakhiwo esidityanisiweyo kunye namalungu adityanisiweyo, njengempembelelo yezinto ezifana nokumila kwesakhiwo, ubungakanani, ubukhulu, ifom ye-groove edibeneyo, i-weld layout kunye nemilo ye-cross-sectional kwi-weldability.Impembelelo yayo ibonakala ikakhulu ekudlulisweni kobushushu kunye nesimo samandla.Ubunzima bepleyiti eyahlukeneyo, iifom ezidibeneyo ezahlukeneyo okanye iimilo zegroove zinezalathiso ezahlukeneyo zesantya sokuhambisa ubushushu kunye namazinga, okuya kuchaphazela ulwalathiso lwecrystallization kunye nokukhula kweenkozo kwidama elityhidiweyo.Ukutshintshwa kwesakhiwo, ubukhulu beplate kunye nelungiselelo le-weld limisela ukuqina kunye nokuthintela umdibaniso, ochaphazela imeko yoxinzelelo lokudibanisa.I-crystal morphology engafanelekanga, uxinzelelo olunzima kunye noxinzelelo olugqithisileyo lwe-welding ziimeko ezisisiseko zokusekwa kweentanda ze-welding.Kuyilo, ukunciphisa ukuqina okudibeneyo, ukunciphisa i-welds cross, kunye nokunciphisa izinto ezahlukeneyo ezibangela uxinzelelo loxinzelelo zonke ziyimilinganiselo ebalulekileyo yokuphucula i-weldability.
4. Iimeko zokusetyenziswa
Ibhekisela kwiqondo lokushisa lokusebenza, iimeko zomthwalo kunye nomgangatho wokusebenza ngexesha lenkonzo yesakhiwo esidibeneyo.Ezi ndawo zokusebenza kunye neemeko zokusebenza zifuna izakhiwo ezidibeneyo ukuba zibe nokusebenza okuhambelanayo.Umzekelo, izakhiwo ezidityanisiweyo ezisebenza kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi kufuneka zibe nokumelana ne-brittle fracture;izakhiwo ezisebenza kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu kufuneka zibe nokumelana ne-creep;izakhiwo ezisebenza phantsi kwemithwalo etshintshanayo kufuneka zibe nokumelana nokudinwa kakuhle;izakhiwo ezisebenza kwi-asidi, i-alkali okanye imidiya yetyuwa Isikhongozeli esidityanisiweyo kufuneka sibe nokuxhathisa okuphezulu kokubola kunye nokunye.Ngamafutshane, okukhona kuqatha kakhulu iimeko zokusetyenziswa, kokukhona umgangatho uphezulu iimfuno zamalungu adityanisiweyo, kwaye kunzima kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukuwelda kwezinto.
Ukuchongwa kunye nokuvavanya isalathisi se-weldability yezinto zetsimbi
Ngexesha lenkqubo ye-welding, imveliso ingena kwiinkqubo zokutshisa i-welding, i-metallurgical reactions, kunye noxinzelelo lwe-welding kunye nokuguqulwa, okukhokelela kutshintsho kukwakheka kweekhemikhali, isakhiwo se-metallographic, ubungakanani kunye nokumila, okwenza ukusebenza kwe-welding joint edibeneyo kaninzi yahluke kuleyo ye-welding. imathiriyeli esisiseko, ngamanye amaxesha nkqu Ayinakuhlangabezana neemfuno zokusetyenziswa.Kwiintsimbi ezininzi ezisebenzayo okanye ezichasayo, iindlela ezikhethekileyo zokuwelda ezifana ne-electron beam welding okanye i-laser welding kufuneka isetyenziswe ukufumana amalunga aphezulu.Iimeko zezixhobo ezincinci kunye nobunzima obuncinci obufunekayo ukwenza i-welded edibeneyo edibeneyo evela kwizinto eziphathekayo, ngcono i-weldability yezinto eziphathekayo;ngokuchaseneyo, ukuba iindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi kunye neendleko ze-welding, izinto ezikhethekileyo ze-welding kunye neenkqubo zenkqubo ziyafuneka, kuthetha ukuba izinto eziphathekayo I-weldability impofu.
Xa ukuveliswa kweemveliso, ukuwelda kwezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo kufuneka kuqala kuhlolwe ukufumanisa ukuba izinto ezikhethiweyo zesakhiwo, izinto ze-welding, kunye neendlela ze-welding zifanelekile.Zininzi iindlela zokuvavanya ukuwelda kwemathiriyeli.Indlela nganye inokuchaza kuphela inkalo ethile ye-weldability.Ke ngoko, iimvavanyo ziyafuneka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ngokupheleleyo ukuwelda.Iindlela zokuvavanya zinokwahlulwa zibe luhlobo lokulinganisa kunye nohlobo lokulinga.Owangaphambili ulinganisa iimpawu zokufudumeza kunye nokupholisa kwe-welding;iimvavanyo zokugqibela ngokweemeko ze-welding zangempela.Umxholo wovavanyo ikakhulu kukubona ukwakheka kweekhemikhali, ulwakhiwo lwe-metallographic, iipropathi zoomatshini, kunye nobukho okanye ukungabikho kweziphene zokuwelda kwesiseko sesinyithi kunye nentsimbi ye-weld, kunye nokumisela ukusebenza okuphantsi kobushushu, ukusebenza kobushushu obuphezulu, ukumelana nokugqwala, kunye ukumelana nokuqhekeka komdibaniso odibeneyo.
Iimpawu ze-welding zezinto zetsimbi ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo
1. Welding of carbon steel
(1) I-Welding yentsimbi ephantsi yekhabhoni
Insimbi yekhabhoni ephantsi inomxholo ophantsi wekhabhoni, i-manganese ephantsi kunye nomxholo we-silicon.Kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo, ayiyi kubangela ukuqina kwesakhiwo okanye ukucima isakhiwo ngenxa ye-welding.Olu hlobo lwentsimbi luneplastiki egqwesileyo kunye nokuqina kwempembelelo, kwaye iplastiki kunye nokuqina kwamalungu ayo adityanisiweyo nawo alungile kakhulu.Ukushisa kwangaphambili kunye nokufudumala ngokuqhelekileyo akufunwa ngexesha le-welding, kwaye imilinganiselo yenkqubo ekhethekileyo ayifuni ukufumana amajoyina adibeneyo kunye nomgangatho owanelisayo.Ke ngoko, intsimbi yekhabhoni ephantsi inomsebenzi obalaseleyo we-welding kwaye iyintsimbi esebenza kakuhle kakhulu phakathi kwazo zonke iintsimbi..
(2) I-welding yensimbi ye-carbon carbon
Intsimbi yekhabhoni ephakathi inomxholo ophezulu wekhabhoni kwaye i-weldability yayo imbi kunentsimbi ephantsi yekhabhoni.Xa i-CE isondele kumda ophantsi (0.25%), i-weldability ilungile.Njengoko umxholo wekhabhoni ukhula, ukuthambekela kokuqina kwanda, kwaye isakhiwo se-martensite esisezantsi seplastiki senziwa ngokulula kwindawo echaphazelekayo ukushisa.Xa i-weldment iqinisiwe okanye izinto ze-welding kunye neeparamitha zenkqubo zikhethwa ngokungafanelekanga, ukuqhekeka okubandayo kunokwenzeka.Xa udibanisa i-welding yokuqala ye-multi-layer welding, ngenxa yobuninzi besiseko sesinyithi esixutywe kwi-weld, umxholo wekhabhoni, isulfure kunye nomxholo we-phosphorus ukwandisa, okwenza kube lula ukuvelisa iintanda ezishushu.Ukongeza, uvakalelo lwe-stomatal luyanda xa umxholo wekhabhoni uphezulu.
(3) I-Welding yensimbi ephezulu yekhabhoni
Intsimbi yekhabhoni ephezulu kunye ne-CE enkulu kune-0.6% inokuqina okuphezulu kwaye ithande ukuvelisa i-hard and brittle high carbon martensite.Iintanda zivame ukwenzeka kwii-welds kunye neendawo ezichatshazelwe bubushushu, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukuwelda.Ngoko ke, olu hlobo lwensimbi alusetyenziswanga ngokubanzi ukwenza izakhiwo ezidibeneyo, kodwa zisetyenziselwa ukwenza amacandelo okanye iinxalenye ezinobunzima obuphezulu okanye ukuxhatshazwa kokugqoka.Uninzi lwezixhobo zokuwelda kukulungisa iindawo ezonakeleyo.La malungu kunye namacandelo kufuneka ahlanjululwe ngaphambi kokulungiswa kwe-welding ukunciphisa iintanda ze-welding, kwaye ubushushu buphathwe kwakhona emva kwe-welding.
2. I-Welding yentsimbi ephantsi ye-alloy ephezulu
Umxholo wekhabhoni we-alloy low-alloy high-strength steel ngokubanzi awudluli i-0.20%, kwaye izinto ezixutywayo zizonke azidluli kwi-5%.Kungenxa yokuba i-low-alloy high-strength steel iqulethe inani elithile lezinto ze-alloy ukuba ukusebenza kwayo kwe-welding yahluke ngandlel' ithile kuleyo ye-carbon steel.Iimpawu zayo ze-welding zezi zilandelayo:
(1) Iintanda ze-Welding kumalungu adityanisiweyo
I-cold-cracked low-alloy high-strength steel iqulethe i-C, Mn, V, Nb kunye nezinye izinto ezomeleza intsimbi, ngoko kulula ukuqina ngexesha lokudibanisa.Ezi zakhiwo lukhuni zinovakalelo kakhulu.Ngoko ke, xa ukuqina kukhulu okanye uxinzelelo lokuthintela luphezulu, ukuba inkqubo ye-welding engafanelekanga inokubangela ukuba kube lula ukuqhekeka okubandayo.Ngaphezu koko, olu hlobo lokuqhekeka lunokulibaziseka okuthile kwaye luyingozi kakhulu.
Ukufudumeza kwakhona (SR) ukuqhekeka Ukufudumeza kwakhona iintanda ziyi-intergranular cracks ezenzeka kwindawo enqabileyo-grained kufuphi nomgca we-fusion ngexesha loxinzelelo lwe-post-weld unyango lobushushu okanye ukusebenza kwexesha elide lobushushu obuphezulu.Ngokuqhelekileyo kukholelwa ukuba kwenzeka ngenxa yokushisa okuphezulu kwe-welding ebangela i-V, i-Nb, i-Cr, i-Mo kunye nezinye i-carbides kufuphi ne-HAZ ukuba ibe yinto eqinile echithwe kwi-austenite.Abanalo ixesha lokuqhaqhazela ngexesha lokupholisa emva kwe-welding, kodwa bahlakazeke kwaye bahlasele ngexesha le-PWHT, ngaloo ndlela bomeleza isakhiwo se-crystal.Ngaphakathi, i-deformation ye-creep ngexesha lokuphumla koxinzelelo igxininiswe kwimida yeenkozo.
Amalungu adityanisiweyo entsimbi asezantsi-amandla aphezulu aqhelekile ukutshisa ngokutsha iintanda, ezifana ne-16MnR, 15MnVR, njl. Nangona kunjalo, kwi-Mn-Mo-Nb kunye ne-Mn-Mo-V series low-alloy high-high-strength steels, ezifana I-07MnCrMoVR, ekubeni i-Nb, i-V, kunye ne-Mo zizinto ezinobuzwe obunamandla bokuvuselela ukuqhekeka, olu hlobo lwensimbi lufuna ukuphathwa ngexesha lokunyanga ukushisa kwe-post-weld.Kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukuphepha indawo enobushushu obunobuntununtunu bokutshisa ngokutsha iintanda ukuthintela ukwenzeka kweentanda zokufudumeza kwakhona.
(2) I-embrittlement kunye ne-softening ye-welded joints
Ukuguga kwe-embrittlement Amalungu adityanisiweyo kufuneka aqhube iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo ezibandayo (ukucheba okungenanto, ukuqengqeleka komgqomo, njl.njl.) phambi kwe-welding.Intsimbi iya kuvelisa i-deformation yeplastiki.Ukuba ummandla ushushu ngakumbi kwi-200 ukuya kwi-450 ° C, ukuguga kuya kwenzeka..Ukuguga kwe-strain ebrittlement kuya kunciphisa iplastiki yentsimbi kunye nokwandisa ubushushu benguqu ye-brittle, okubangele ukuphuka kwe-brittle kwezixhobo.Ukunyangwa kobushushu be-post-weld kunokuphelisa ukuguga okunjalo kwesakhiwo esidibeneyo kunye nokubuyisela ukuqina.
I-embrittlement ye-welds kunye neendawo ezichatshazelwe ngubushushu I-Welding yinkqubo engalinganiyo yokufudumeza kunye neyokupholisa, okukhokelela kwisakhiwo esingalinganiyo.Ukushisa kwe-brittle transition ye-weld (WM) kunye ne-heat-affected zone (HAZ) iphezulu kuneyesiseko sentsimbi kwaye ikhonkco elibuthathaka kwi-joint.Amandla omgca we-welding anempembelelo ebalulekileyo kwiipropati ze-low-alloy high-strength steel WM kunye ne-HAZ.Intsimbi ephantsi-i-alloy ephezulu yokuqina kulula ukuyiqinisa.Ukuba i-line energy incinci kakhulu, i-martensite iya kubonakala kwi-HAZ kwaye ibangele ukuqhekeka.Ukuba amandla omgca mkhulu kakhulu, iinkozo ze-WM kunye ne-HAZ ziya kuba rhabaxa.Iza kubangela ukuba ilungu libe brittle.Xa kuthelekiswa nentsimbi eshushu eqengqelekayo kunye neqhelekileyo, i-carbon ephantsi ecinyiweyo kunye nentsimbi epholileyo inotyekelo olunzima ngakumbi kwi-HAZ embrittlement ebangelwa ngamandla agqithisiweyo emigca.Ngoko ke, xa u-welding, amandla omgca kufuneka akhawulelwe kuluhlu oluthile.
Ukuthamba kwendawo echaphazeleke bubushushu bamajoyinti adityanisiweyo Ngenxa yesenzo sobushushu be-welding, ngaphandle kwendawo echaphazeleke bubushushu (HAZ) yekhabhoni ephantsi ecinyiweyo kunye nentsimbi epholileyo ifudunyezwa ngaphezulu kobushushu bobushushu, ngakumbi indawo ekufutshane ne-Ac1, eya kuvelisa indawo yokuthambisa ngamandla ancitshisiweyo.Ukuthamba kwesakhiwo kwindawo ye-HAZ kuyanda ngokunyuka kwamandla omgca we-welding kunye nobushushu bokufudumeza, kodwa ngokubanzi amandla okuqina kwindawo ethambileyo asephezulu kunomda ophantsi wexabiso elisezantsi lesiseko sesinyithi, ngoko ke indawo echaphazeleke bubushushu. yolu hlobo lwentsimbi luthambisa Ngethuba nje umsebenzi owenziwe ngokufanelekileyo, ingxaki ayiyi kuchaphazela ukusebenza komdibaniso.
3. Welding of steel stainless
Intsimbi engatyiwayo inokwahlulwa ngokweendidi ezine ngokwezakhiwo zayo ezahlukeneyo zentsimbi, ezizezi, intsimbi engatyiwa yi-austenitic, intsimbi ye-ferritic, intsimbi ye-martensitic, kunye nentsimbi ye-austenitic-ferritic duplex.Oku kulandelayo kuhlalutya ngokukodwa iimpawu ze-welding ze-austenitic stainless steel kunye ne-bidirectional stainless steel.
(1) Welding of austenitic steel stainless
Iintsimbi ze-Austenitic ezingenasici zilula ukuzidibanisa kunezinye iintsimbi ezingenasici.Akuyi kubakho ukuguqulwa kwesigaba nakweyiphi na iqondo lokushisa kwaye ayinabungozi kwi-hydrogen embrittlement.I-austenitic stainless steel joint nayo ineplastiki elungileyo kunye nokuqina kwimeko edibeneyo.Iingxaki eziphambili ze-welding zezi: i-welding hot cracking, i-embrittlement, i-intergranular corrosion kunye ne-corrosion yoxinzelelo, njl. Ukongeza, ngenxa yokungahambi kakuhle kwe-thermal kunye ne-coefficient enkulu yokwandiswa kwe-linear, uxinzelelo lwe-welding kunye ne-deformation inkulu.Xa i-welding, igalelo lokushisa kwe-welding kufuneka libe lincinci kangangoko kunokwenzeka, kwaye kungabikho ukushisa kwangaphambili, kunye nokushisa kwe-interlayer kufuneka kuncitshiswe.Ukushisa kwe-interlayer kufuneka kulawulwe ngaphantsi kwe-60 ° C, kwaye i-weld joints kufuneka igxininiswe.Ukunciphisa igalelo lokushisa, isantya se-welding akufanele sandiswe ngokugqithiseleyo, kodwa i-welding current kufuneka icuthwe ngokufanelekileyo.
(2) I-Welding ye-austenitic-ferritic yeendlela ezimbini zensimbi engenasici
I-Austenitic-ferritic duplex steel stainless steel i-duplex stainless steel eyenziwe ngamanqanaba amabini: i-austenite kunye ne-ferrite.Idibanisa iingenelo zentsimbi ye-austenitic kunye nentsimbi ye-ferritic, ngoko ineempawu zamandla aphezulu, ukumelana nokugqwesa okulungileyo kunye ne-welding elula.Okwangoku, kukho iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili ze-duplex steel stainless: Cr18, Cr21, kunye neCr25.Iimpawu eziphambili zolu hlobo lwe-welding yensimbi zezi: ukuthambekela okuphantsi kwe-thermal xa kuthelekiswa ne-austenitic stainless steel;utyekelo embrittlement esezantsi emva welding xa kuthelekiswa nentsimbi esulungekileyo ferritic stainless, kunye neqondo ferrite coarsening kwi welding ubushushu echaphazelekayo zone Kukwasezantsi, ngoko ke weldability ngcono.
Ekubeni olu hlobo lwensimbi luneempawu ezintle zokuthunga, ukufudumala kwangaphambili kunye nokufudumala akufuneki ngexesha le-welding.Iipleyiti ezibhityileyo kufuneka zidityaniswe yi-TIG, kwaye iipleyiti eziphakathi kunye nezityebileyo zinokudityaniswa nge-arc welding.Xa udibanisa nge-arc welding, iintonga ezikhethekileyo ze-welding kunye nokubunjwa okufanayo kwisiseko sesinyithi okanye i-austenitic welding rods kunye nomxholo wekhabhoni ephantsi kufuneka isetyenziswe.Ii-electrode ezisekelwe kwi-nickel-alloy nazo zingasetyenziselwa i-Cr25 uhlobo lwentsimbi ephindwe kabini.
Iintsimbi zesigaba esiphindwe kabini zinenxalenye enkulu ye-ferrite, kunye nokuthambekela kwe-embrittlement yendalo yeentsimbi ze-ferritic, ezifana no-brittleness kwi-475 ° C, i-σ phase ye-precipitation embrittlement kunye neenkozo ezirhabaxa, zisekhona, kuphela ngenxa yobukho be-austenite.Esinye isiqabu sinokufumaneka ngempembelelo yokulinganisa, kodwa kusafuneka uhlawule ingqalelo xa u-welding.Xa welding Ni-free okanye low-Ni duplex steel stainless, kukho utyekelo kwisigaba esinye ferrite kunye okuziinkozo coarsening kwindawo echatshazelwe bubushushu.Ngeli xesha, ingqalelo kufuneka ihlawulwe ekulawuleni igalelo lobushushu be-welding, kwaye uzame ukusebenzisa i-current encinci, isantya esiphezulu se-welding, kunye ne-welding ye-channel emxinwa.Kwaye i-welding ye-multi-pass welding ukuthintela ukukhuhla okuziinkozo kunye ne-ferriteization yesigaba esinye kwindawo echatshazelwe bubushushu.Ubushushu be-inter-layer akufanele bube phezulu kakhulu.Kungcono ukuwelda ipasi elandelayo emva kokupholisa.
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-11-2023