Izinto ezinobungozi zezinto ze-welding
(1) Eyona nto iphambili yophando ye-welding ucoceko lwabasebenzi yi-fusion welding, kwaye phakathi kwabo, iingxaki zococeko lwabasebenzi be-open arc welding zezona zikhulu, kwaye iingxaki ze-arc welding kunye ne-electroslag welding zincinci.
(2) Izinto eziphambili ezinobungozi ze-electrode manual arc welding, i-carbon arc gouging kunye ne-CO2 ye-gas shielded welding yi-fume kunye nothuli oluveliswa ngexesha lenkqubo ye-welding - i-welding fume.Ingakumbi i-electrode manual arc welding.Kwaye i-carbon arc gouging, ukuba umsebenzi welding wenziwa kwindawo yokusebenza emxinwa (ibhoyila, i-cabin, i-container engangeni moya kunye nombhobho, njl.) ixesha elide, kwaye kwimeko yokukhusela ucoceko olubi, kuya kubangela ingozi inkqubo yokuphefumla, njl ukubandezeleka kwi-welding pneumoconiosis.
(3) Irhasi enetyhefu yeyona nto iyingozi kakhulu kwi-welding yombane yegesi kunye ne-plasma arc welding, kwaye xa ugxininiso luphezulu kakhulu, luya kubangela iimpawu zetyhefu.Ngokukodwa, i-ozone kunye ne-nitrogen oxides ziveliswa yi-arc yobushushu obuphezulu bemitha esebenza kwi-oxygen kunye ne-nitrogen emoyeni.
(4) I-radiation ye-arc yinto eqhelekileyo eyingozi kuyo yonke i-arc welding evulekileyo, kunye nesifo se-electro-optic eye esibangelwa sisifo esikhethekileyo somsebenzi we-open arc welding.Imitha ye-arc inokonakalisa ulusu, ibangela ukuba i-welders ihlupheke kwizifo zolusu ezifana ne-dermatitis, i-erythema kunye namadyunguza amancinci.Ukongezelela, iintambo zekotoni zonakaliswe.
(5) I-tungsten argon arc welding kunye ne-plasma arc welding, kuba umatshini wokuwelda uxhotyiswe nge-oscillator ephezulu-frequency ukunceda ukuqalisa i-arc, kukho izinto ezinobungozi - intsimi ye-electromagnetic ephezulu, ngokukodwa umatshini we-welding kunye nexesha elide lokusebenza. ye-oscillator ye-high-frequency oscillator (efana noomatshini bokuwelda be-argon be-argon).Amasimi e-electromagnetic aphezulu anokubangela ukuba abashiseli babandezeleke zizifo zenkqubo yemithambo-luvo kunye nenkqubo yegazi.
Ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwe-electrode ye-thoriated tungsten rod, i-thorium yinto e-radioactive, ngoko ke kukho izinto ezinobungozi zemitha ye-radiation (α, β kunye ne-γ imitha), kwaye inokubangela iingozi ze-radioactive malunga ne-grinder apho intonga ye-tungsten egciniweyo igcinwa kwaye ilolwe. .
(6) Ngexesha le-plasma ye-arc welding, ukutshiza kunye nokusika, ingxolo enamandla iya kuveliswa, eya konakalisa i-nerve ye-welder ye-auditory ukuba ukukhuselwa akulungile.
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Izilumkiso zokusebenzisa izinto ze-welding
1. Ngokuqhelekileyo kukho iindidi ezimbini ze-electrode zensimbi ezingenasici: uhlobo lwe-titanium-calcium kunye nohlobo oluphantsi lwe-hydrogen.I-welding yangoku ithatha unikezelo lwamandla e-DC kangangoko kunokwenzeka, okuluncedo ukoyisa ububomvu kunye nokungena okunzulu kwentonga ye-welding.I-Electrodes ene-titanium-calcium coating ayifanelekanga kwi-welding yonke indawo, kodwa kuphela i-flat welding kunye ne-flat fillet welding;i-electrodes ene-low-hydrogen coating ingasetyenziselwa yonke indawo ye-welding.
2. I-electrodes yensimbi engenasici kufuneka igcinwe yomile ngexesha lokusetyenziswa.Ukuze kuthintelwe iziphene ezifana neentanda, imingxuma, kunye nemingxuma, uhlobo lwe-titanium-calcium ukutyabeka yomiswa kwi-150-250 °C ngeyure enye phambi kwe-welding, kwaye uhlobo oluphantsi lwe-hydrogen luyomiswa kwi-200-300 ° C. Iyure eyi-1 ngaphambi kwe-welding.Musa ukomisa ngokuphindaphindiweyo, ngaphandle koko ulusu luya kuwa lula.
3. Ukucoca i-welding joint, kwaye uthintele intonga ye-welding ukuba ifakwe ngeoli kunye nolunye ukungcola, ukuze unganyusi umxholo wekhabhoni we-weld kwaye uthintele umgangatho we-welding.
4. Ukuze kuthintelwe ukubola kwe-intergranular okubangelwa ukushisa, i-welding current ayifanele ibe mkhulu kakhulu, ngokuqhelekileyo malunga ne-20% ephantsi kune-carbon steel electrodes, i-arc ayifanele ibe yinde kakhulu, kwaye i-interlayers ipholile ngokukhawuleza.
5. Nika ingqalelo xa uqala i-arc, ungaqalisi i-arc kwi-non-welding part, kungcono ukusebenzisa i-arc yokuqalisa iplate yezinto ezifanayo kunye ne-weldment ukuqala i-arc.
6. I-short-arc welding kufuneka isetyenziswe kangangoko kunokwenzeka.Ubude be-arc ngokuqhelekileyo yi-2-3mm.Ukuba i-arc inde kakhulu, ukuqhekeka kwe-thermal kuya kwenzeka ngokulula.
7. Umcu wezothutho: i-short-arc fast welding kufuneka yamkelwe, kwaye i-lateral swing ayivumelekanga ngokubanzi.Injongo kukunciphisa ubushushu kunye nobubanzi bendawo echaphazelekayo ngubushushu, ukuphucula ukuxhathisa kwe-weld kwi-corrosion ye-intergranular kunye nokunciphisa ukuthambekela kokuqhekeka kwe-thermal.
8. I-Welding of steels dissimilar kufuneka ikhethe ngokucophelela i-welding rods ukukhusela ukuchithwa kwe-thermal ekukhethweni okungafanelekanga kweentonga ze-welding okanye imvula yesigaba se-σ emva kokunyanga kobushushu obuphezulu, okuya kwenza ukuba isinyithi sifakwe.Bhekisela kwimigangatho yokukhetha intonga ye-welding yensimbi engenasici kunye nentsimbi engafaniyo yokukhethwa, kwaye yamkele iinkqubo ezifanelekileyo ze-welding.
Ngokubhekiselele kwindlela eqhelekileyo, ukuphuhliswa kwexesha elizayo kweemveliso zezinto ezidibeneyo ziya kuphucula ngokuthe ngcembe.Kwixesha elizayo, iimveliso zemanuwali ziya kutshintshwa ngokuthe ngcembe ngokusebenza okuphezulu kunye neemveliso ezikumgangatho ophezulu kunye nenqanaba eliphezulu lokuzenzekelayo.Ubume, iimfuno ezahlukeneyo zobugcisa be-welding phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo zenkonzo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jun-05-2023