Ngawaphi amanqaku afanele ahlawulelwe kwi-high carbon steel welding

I-high-carbon steel ibhekisela kwi-carbon steel kunye ne-w (C) ephezulu kune-0.6%, enomkhuba omkhulu wokuqina kune-medium-carbon steel, kwaye yenza i-high-carbon martensite, evakalelwa ngakumbi ekubunjweni kweentanda ezibandayo.Ngelo xesha, isakhiwo se-martensite esakhiwe kwindawo echaphazelekayo yokushisa i-welding inzima kwaye i-brittle, ekhokelela ekunciphiseni okukhulu kweplastiki kunye nokuqina kokubambisana.Ke ngoko, i-weldability yentsimbi ephezulu yekhabhoni imbi kakhulu, kwaye inkqubo yokuwelda ekhethekileyo kufuneka yamkelwe ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza komdibaniso..Ngoko ke, ngokuqhelekileyo kunqabile ukusetyenziswa kwizakhiwo ezidibeneyo.Intsimbi yekhabhoni ephezulu isetyenziselwa ikakhulu kumacandelo omatshini afuna ubunzima obuphezulu kunye nokumelana nokunxiba, njengama-shafts, iigiya ezinkulu kunye nokudibanisa.Ukuze ugcine intsimbi kunye nokwenza lula iteknoloji yokucubungula, ezi nxalenye zomatshini zihlala zidibaniswa nezakhiwo ezidibeneyo.I-Welding yamacandelo aphezulu e-carbon steel nayo idibene nokwakhiwa komatshini onzima.Xa uqulunqa inkqubo ye-welding ye-welding high carbon steel weldment, zonke iintlobo ze-welding defect ezinokuthi zenzeke kufuneka zihlalutywe ngokubanzi, kunye nemilinganiselo yenkqubo ye-welding ehambelanayo kufuneka ithathwe.

1. Weldability of high carbon steel

1.1 Indlela yeWelding

Intsimbi yekhabhoni ephezulu isetyenziswa kakhulu kwizakhiwo ezinobunzima obuphezulu kunye nokumelana nokunxiba okuphezulu, ngoko ke iindlela eziphambili ze-welding yi-electrode arc welding, brazing kunye ne-arc welding ephantsi kwamanzi.

1.2 Izinto zokuwelda

I-welding ye-carbon steel high ayifuni amandla afanayo phakathi kokudibanisa kunye nesiseko sesinyithi.Ii-electrode ezisezantsi-ze-hydrogen ezinamandla e-desulfurization, umxholo we-hydrogen we-diffusible ophantsi wentsimbi egciniweyo, kunye nokuqina okuhle ngokuqhelekileyo kukhethwe kwi-electrode arc welding.Xa amandla entsimbi ye-weld kunye nesiseko sentsimbi kufuneka, i-electrode ephantsi ye-hydrogen yezinga elihambelanayo kufuneka ikhethwe;xa amandla entsimbi ye-weld kunye nesiseko sensimbi engafunekiyo, i-electrode ephantsi ye-hydrogen enezinga lamandla elingaphantsi kunelo lesiseko sesinyithi kufuneka likhethwe.I-electrode enezinga eliphezulu lamandla ngaphezu kwesiseko sesinyithi ayikwazi ukukhethwa.Ukuba isiseko sesinyithi asivumelekanga ukuba sitshiswe ngaphambili ngexesha le-welding, ukwenzela ukuba kuthintelwe ukuqhekeka okubandayo kwindawo echaphazelekayo ukushisa, i-electrode ye-austenitic stainless steel stainless ingasetyenziselwa ukufumana isakhiwo se-austenite kunye neplastiki efanelekileyo kunye nokuchasana nokuqhekeka okunamandla.

1.3 Ukulungiswa kwegroove

Ukuze unciphise iqhekeza lekhabhoni kwintsimbi ye-weld, umlinganiselo wokudityaniswa kufuneka uncitshiswe, ngoko ke iigrooves ezinokwakheka kwe-U okanye ezinemilo enjenge-V zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi ngexesha le-welding, kwaye kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukucoca i-groove kunye namabala e-oyile. umhlwa ngaphakathi kwe-20mm kumacala omabini e-groove.

1.4 Ukufudumeza kwangaphambili

Xa i-welding nge-electrode yensimbi yesakhiwo, kufuneka ifudunyezwe ngaphambi kokuba i-welding, kwaye ukushisa kwangaphambili kufuneka kulawulwe kwi-250 ° C ukuya kwi-350 ° C.

1.5 Ukusetyenzwa kwe-Interlayer

I-multi-layer multi-pass welding, ipasi yokuqala isebenzisa i-electrode encinci ye-diameter kunye ne-low-current welding.Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-workpiece ifakwe kwi-welding ye-semi-vertical okanye intonga ye-welding isetyenziselwa ukujikeleza ngasecaleni, ukwenzela ukuba yonke indawo echaphazelekayo yokushisa yesiseko sesinyithi ishushu ngexesha elifutshane ukufumana i-preheating kunye nemiphumo yokugcina ubushushu.

1.6 Unyango lobushushu lwasemva kweweld

Ngokukhawuleza emva kwe-welding, i-workpiece ifakwe kwisithando sokufudumala, kwaye ukugcinwa kobushushu kuqhutyelwa kwi-650 ° C ukwenzela ukuxhatshazwa kwengcinezelo.

2. Iziphene ze-Welding zensimbi ephezulu ye-carbon kunye namanyathelo okukhusela

Ngenxa yokuthambekela kokuqina okuphezulu kwekhabhoni yensimbi ephezulu, ukuqhekeka okushushu kunye nokuqhekeka okubandayo kuyenzeka ngexesha le-welding.

2.1 Amanyathelo okuthintela ukuqhekeka kwe-thermal

I-1) Lawula ukubunjwa kweekhemikhali ze-weld, lawula ngokungqongqo umxholo wesulfure kunye ne-phosphorus, kwaye ukwandise ngokufanelekileyo umxholo we-manganese ukuphucula isakhiwo se-weld kunye nokunciphisa ukuhlukana.

2) Lawula ubume obunqamlezayo be-weld, kunye nomlinganiselo wobubanzi ukuya kubunzulu kufuneka ube mkhulu kancinci ukuphepha ulwahlulo kumbindi we-weld.

I-3) I-weldments enobunzima obuphezulu, imilinganiselo ye-welding efanelekileyo, ulandelelwano olufanelekileyo lwe-welding kunye nolwalathiso kufuneka lukhethwe.

4) Ukuba kuyimfuneko, thabatha amanyathelo okupholisa kwangaphambili kunye nokucotha ukuthintela ukwenzeka kweentanda ze-thermal.

I-5) Ukwandisa i-alkalinity ye-electrode okanye i-flux ukunciphisa umxholo wokungcola kwi-weld kunye nokuphucula iqondo lokuhlukana.

2.2 Amanyathelo okuthintela iintanda ezibandayo.

I-1) Ukufudumala ngaphambi kwe-welding kunye nokupholisa okucothayo emva kwe-welding akukwazi ukunciphisa kuphela ubunzima kunye ne-brittleness yendawo echaphazelekayo kubushushu, kodwa kunye nokukhawulezisa ukusasazwa kwangaphandle kwe-hydrogen kwi-weld.

2) Khetha imilinganiselo ye-welding efanelekileyo.

I-3) Yamkela indibano efanelekileyo kunye nolandelelwano lwe-welding ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lokuthintela amajoyina adibeneyo kunye nokuphucula imeko yoxinzelelo lwe-weldments.

3 .Isiphelo

Ngenxa yomxholo wekhabhoni ephezulu, ukuqina okuphezulu kunye nokubiyelwa kakubi kwentsimbi ephezulu yekhabhoni, kulula ukuvelisa i-carbon martensitic structure ngexesha le-welding, kwaye kulula ukuvelisa iintanda ze-welding.Ngoko ke, xa udibanisa intsimbi ephezulu yekhabhoni, inkqubo ye-welding kufuneka ikhethwe ngokufanelekileyo.Kwaye uthathe amanyathelo ahambelanayo ngexesha lokunciphisa ukwenzeka kweentanda ze-welding kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kwamalungu adibeneyo.