Iiparamitha ze-welding ze-electrode arc welding ikakhulu zibandakanya ububanzi be-electrode, i-welding current, i-arc voltage, inani le-welding layers, uhlobo lomthombo wamandla kunye ne-polarity, njl.
1. Ukukhethwa kwedamitha ye-electrode
Ukukhethwa kwedayamitha ye-electrode ikakhulu kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezifana nobukhulu be-weldment, uhlobo lokudibanisa, indawo ye-weld kunye nenqanaba le-welding.Kwisiseko sokungachaphazeli umgangatho we-welding, ukwenzela ukuba kuphuculwe imveliso yabasebenzi, ngokuqhelekileyo bakhetha ukukhetha i-electrode enkulu yobubanzi.
Kwiindawo ze-welding ezinobunzima obukhulu, kufuneka kusetyenziswe i-electrode enkulu yobubanzi.Kwi-welding flat, ububanzi be-electrode esetyenzisiweyo bunokuba bukhulu;kwi-welding ethe nkqo, ububanzi be-electrode esetyenzisiweyo abukho ngaphezu kwe-5 mm;kwi-welding ethe tyaba kunye ne-welding engaphezulu, ububanzi be-electrode esetyenziswayo ngokuqhelekileyo ayikho ngaphezu kwe-4 mm.Kwimeko ye-welding ye-multi-layer kunye ne-grooves ehambelanayo, ukwenzela ukukhusela ukwenzeka kweziphene zokungena okungaphelelanga, i-electrode ye-3.2 mm ububanzi kufuneka isetyenziswe kwinqanaba lokuqala le-weld.Kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo, ububanzi be-electrode bunokukhethwa ngokobunzima be-weldment (njengoko kudweliswe kwiThebhile TQ-1).
Itheyibhile:TQ-1 | Ubudlelwane phakathi kwedayamitha ye-electrode kunye nobukhulu | |||
Ubunzima beweldment(mm) | ≤2 | 3-4 | 5-12 | >12 |
Idayamitha ye-Electrode(mm) | 2 | 3.2 | 4-5 | ≥5 |
2. Ukukhethwa kwe-welding yangoku
Ubungakanani be-welding yangoku bunempembelelo enkulu kumgangatho we-welding kunye nemveliso.Ukuba i-current incinci kakhulu, i-arc ayizinzile, kwaye kulula ukubangela iziphene ezifana nokufakwa kwe-slag kunye nokungena okungaphelelanga, kwaye imveliso iphantsi;ukuba umsinga mkhulu kakhulu, iziphene ezifana ne-undercut and burn-through zinokwenzeka ukuba zenzeke, kwaye isitshizi siyanda.
Ngoko ke, xa udibanisa nge-electrode arc welding, i-welding current kufuneka ifaneleke.Ubungakanani be-welding yangoku buxhomekeke kwizinto ezifana nohlobo lwe-electrode, ububanzi be-electrode, ubukhulu be-weldment, uhlobo lokudibanisa, indawo ye-weld kunye nenqanaba le-welding, phakathi kwazo ezona zinto zibalulekileyo zi-electrode diameter kunye ne-weld space space.Xa usebenzisa ii-electrode zentsimbi zolwakhiwo ngokubanzi, unxulumano phakathi kwe-welding yangoku kunye nedayamitha ye-electrode inokukhethwa ngefomula yovavanyo: I=kd
Kwifomula, ndimele i-welding current (A);imele ububanzi be-electrode (mm);
k imele i-coefficient ehambelana nobubanzi be-electrode (jonga iTable TQ-2 yokukhetha).
Itheyibhile:TQ-2 | kixabiso leedamitha ezahlukeneyo ze-electrode | |||
d/mm | 1.6 | 2-2.5 | 3.2 | 4-6 |
k | 15-25 | 20-30 | 30-40 | 40-50 |
Ukongezelela, indawo yendawo ye-weld iyahluka, kwaye ubukhulu be-welding current buhluke.Ngokuqhelekileyo, okwangoku kwi-welding ethe nkqo kufuneka ibe yi-15% ~ 20% ephantsi kunaleyo kwi-flat welding;umjelo we-welding othe tye kunye ne-overhead welding yi-10% ~ 15% ephantsi kunaleyo ye-flat welding.Ubunzima be-welding bukhulu, kwaye umda ophezulu wangoku uhlala uthathwa.
Ii-electrode zentsimbi yealloyi enezinto ezininzi zokudibanisa ngokubanzi zinokuxhathisa okuphezulu kombane, i-coefficient enkulu yokwandiswa kwe-thermal, umsinga ophezulu ngexesha le-welding, kwaye i-electrode ithanda ukuba bomvu, ibangela ukuba i-coating siwe ngaphambi kwexesha, ichaphazela umgangatho we-welding, kunye nezinto zokuhlanganisa ziyatshiswa. ininzi, ngoko ke i-welding I-current iyancipha ngokufanelekileyo.
3. Ukukhethwa kombane we-arc
I-voltage ye-arc inqunywe ubude be-arc.Ukuba i-arc inde, i-arc voltage iphezulu;ukuba i-arc imfutshane, i-arc voltage iphantsi.Kwinkqubo ye-welding, ukuba i-arc inde kakhulu, i-arc iya kutshisa ingazinzi, i-spatter iya kwanda, ukungena kuya kuncipha, kwaye umoya wangaphandle uya kuhlasela ngokulula abantu, ubangele iziphene ezifana nama-pores.Ngoko ke, ubude be-arc bufunekayo ukuba bube bungaphantsi okanye bulingane nobubanzi be-electrode, oko kukuthi, i-arc welding emfutshane.Xa usebenzisa i-asidi electrode ukuwelda, ukwenzela ukuba preheat inxalenye ukuba welded okanye ukunciphisa ubushushu echibini otyhidiweyo, ngamanye amaxesha arc woluliwe kancinci welding, ebizwa ngokuba i-arc i-long welding.
4. Ukukhethwa kwenani lee-welding layers
I-Multi-layer welding idla ngokusetyenziswa kwi-arc welding yamacwecwe aphakathi kunye atyebileyo.Iingqimba ezininzi zinenzuzo ekuphuculeni iplastiki kunye nokuqina kwe-weld, ngakumbi kwiikona ezibandayo ezigobileyo.Nangona kunjalo, kuyimfuneko ukukhusela imiphumo eyingozi yokugqithisa umdibaniso kunye nokwandisa indawo echaphazelekayo ukushisa.Ukongezelela, ukwanda kwenani leengqimba kudla ngokunyusa ukuguqulwa kwe-weldment.Ngoko ke, kufuneka igqitywe ngoqwalaselo olubanzi.
5. Ukukhethwa kohlobo lonikezelo lwamandla kunye ne-polarity
Ubonelelo lwamandla eDC lune-arc ezinzileyo, isitshizi esincinci kunye nomgangatho olungileyo welding.Ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziselwa ukuwelda izakhiwo ezibalulekileyo ze-welding okanye iipleyiti ezishinyeneyo ezinezakhiwo ezinkulu eziqinileyo.
Kwezinye iimeko, kufuneka uqale ucinge ukusebenzisa umatshini we-welding we-AC, kuba umatshini we-welding we-AC unesakhiwo esilula, ixabiso eliphantsi, kwaye kulula ukuyisebenzisa kunye nokugcina kunomatshini we-DC welding.Ukukhethwa kwe-polarity kusekelwe kubume be-electrode kunye neempawu ze-welding.Ubushushu be-anode kwi-arc buphezulu kunobushushu be-cathode, kwaye iipolarities ezahlukeneyo zisetyenziselwa ukuwelda i-welds ezahlukeneyo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-30-2021