Ukukhethwa kunye nokulungiswa kwee-electrodes ze-tungsten ze-GTAW zibalulekile ekuphuculeni iziphumo kunye nokuthintela ukungcoliseka nokusebenza kwakhona.Getty Imifanekiso
I-Tungsten yinto enqabileyo yentsimbi esetyenziselwa ukwenza igesi ye-tungsten arc welding (GTAW) electrode.Inkqubo ye-GTAW ixhomekeke kubunzima kunye nokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu kwe-tungsten ukudlulisa i-welding yangoku kwi-arc.Indawo yokunyibilika ye-tungsten yeyona iphakamileyo kuzo zonke iintsimbi, kwi-3,410 degrees Celsius.
Ezi electrode ezingasetyenziswayo ziza kubukhulu obahlukeneyo kunye nobude, kwaye zenziwe nge-tungsten ecocekileyo okanye i-alloys ye-tungsten kunye nezinye izinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba kunye nee-oxides.Ukukhethwa kwe-electrode ye-GTAW kuxhomekeke kuhlobo kunye nobukhulu be-substrate, kwaye ingaba i-alternating current (AC) okanye i-current ngqo (DC) isetyenziselwa i-welding.Ngawaphi amalungiselelo amathathu okugqibela owakhethayo, angqukuva, atsolileyo, okanye ancitshisiweyo, nawo abalulekile ekwandiseni iziphumo kunye nokuthintela ukosuleleka kunye nokusebenza kwakhona.
I-electrode nganye inekhowudi yombala ukuphelisa ukudideka malunga nohlobo lwayo.Umbala uvela kwincam ye-electrode.
I-electrodes ye-tungsten ecocekileyo (i-AWS yokuhlelwa kwe-EWP) iqulethe i-99.50% ye-tungsten, enezinga eliphezulu lokusetyenziswa kwazo zonke i-electrode, kwaye ngokubanzi inexabiso eliphantsi kune-alloy electrode.
Ezi electrode zenza incam ecocekileyo ye-spherical xa ishushu kwaye ibonelela ngozinzo olubalaseleyo lwe-arc ye-AC welding kunye namaza alungeleleneyo.I-tungsten enyulu ikwabonelela ngozinzo olululo lwe-arc ye-AC sine wave welding, ngakumbi kwi-aluminiyam kunye ne-magnesium.Ngokuqhelekileyo ayisetyenziselwa i-DC welding kuba ayinikezeli isiqalo esinamandla se-arc esihambelana ne-thorium okanye i-cerium electrodes.Akukhuthazwa ukusebenzisa i-tungsten ecocekileyo kwi-inverter-based based machine;ngeziphumo ezilungileyo, sebenzisa i-cerium ebukhali okanye i-lanthanide electrode.
I-thorium tungsten electrodes (ukuhlelwa kwe-AWS EWTh-1 kunye ne-EWTh-2) iqulethe ubuncinane i-97.30% ye-tungsten kunye ne-0.8% ukuya kwi-2.20% thorium.Kukho iintlobo ezimbini: i-EWTh-1 kunye ne-EWTh-2, equlethe i-1% kunye ne-2%, ngokulandelanayo.Ngokulandelelana.Ziyi-electrode ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwaye zithandwa kubomi babo benkonzo ende kunye nokulula ukusetyenziswa.I-Thorium iphucula umgangatho wokukhutshwa kwe-electron ye-electrode, ngaloo ndlela iphucula ukuqala kwe-arc kunye nokuvumela amandla aphezulu okuthwala ngoku.I-electrode isebenza kude ngaphantsi kweqondo lokushisa elinyibilikayo, elinciphisa kakhulu izinga lokusetyenziswa kunye nokuphelisa i-arc drift, ngaloo ndlela iphucula ukuzinza.Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye i-electrode, i-thorium electrode ifaka i-tungsten encinci kwi-pool etyhidiweyo, ngoko ke ibangela ukungcoliseka okuncinci kwe-weld.
Ezi electrode zisetyenziselwa ukuwelda ngokuthe ngqo kwe-electrode negative (DCEN) yentsimbi ye-carbon, insimbi engenasici, i-nickel kunye ne-titanium, kunye nokuwelda okukhethekileyo kwe-AC (njengezicelo ezibhityileyo ze-aluminiyam).
Ngexesha lenkqubo yokuvelisa, i-thorium ihlakazwe ngokulinganayo kuyo yonke i-electrode, enceda i-tungsten ukuba igcine imiphetho yayo ebukhali emva kokusila-le yeyona ndlela ifanelekileyo ye-electrode yokumilisela intsimbi encinci.Qaphela: Ithorium iradioactive, ngoko ke kufuneka usoloko ulandela izilumkiso zomenzi, imiyalelo kunye nemathiriyeli yedatha yokhuseleko (MSDS) xa uyisebenzisa.
I-cerium tungsten electrode (ukuhlelwa kwe-AWS EWCe-2) iqulethe ubuncinane i-97.30% ye-tungsten kunye ne-1.80% ukuya kwi-2.20% ye-cerium, kwaye ibizwa ngokuba yi-2% cerium.Ezi electrode zisebenza kakuhle kwi-DC welding kwiindawo eziphantsi zangoku, kodwa zinokusetyenziswa ngobuchule kwiinkqubo ze-AC.Ngesiqalo sayo esihle kakhulu se-arc kwi-amperage ephantsi, i-cerium tungsten ithandwa kakhulu kwizicelo ezifana netyhubhu kaloliwe kunye nokuveliswa kombhobho, ukusetyenzwa kwentsimbi, kunye nomsebenzi obandakanya iindawo ezincinci nezichanekileyo.Njenge-thorium, isetyenziswe kakuhle kwi-welding carbon steel, insimbi engenasici, i-nickel alloys kunye ne-titanium.Kwezinye iimeko, inokutshintsha i-2% thorium electrodes.Iimpawu zombane ze-cerium tungsten kunye ne-thorium zihluke kancinci, kodwa i-welders ezininzi azikwazi ukuhlula.
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-amperage ephezulu ye-cerium electrode ayikhuthazwa, kuba i-amperage ephezulu iya kubangela ukuba i-oxide ifudukele ngokukhawuleza kwincam yobushushu, isuse umxholo we-oxide kwaye ingasebenzi izibonelelo zenkqubo.
Sebenzisa iingcebiso ezichongiweyo kunye / okanye ezinqamlekileyo (kwi-tungsten ecocekileyo, i-cerium, i-lanthanum kunye neentlobo ze-thorium) kwi-inverter AC kunye ne-DC welding iinkqubo.
I-Lanthanum tungsten electrodes (ukuhlelwa kwe-AWS EWLa-1, EWLa-1.5 kunye ne-EWLa-2) iqulethe ubuncinane i-97.30% ye-tungsten kunye ne-0.8% ukuya kwi-2.20% ye-lanthanum okanye i-lanthanum, kwaye ibizwa ngokuba yi-EWLa-1, i-EWLa-1.5 kunye neSebe le-EWLa-2 Lanthanum zeziqalelo.Ezi electrode zinekhono elihle lokuqalisa i-arc, izinga lokutshisa eliphantsi, ukuzinza okuhle kwe-arc kunye neempawu ezibalaseleyo zokulawula-ezininzi zeenzuzo ezifanayo njenge-electrode ye-cerium.I-Lanthanide electrode nayo ineempawu zokuqhuba ze-2% thorium tungsten.Kwezinye iimeko, i-lanthanum-tungsten ingathatha indawo ye-thorium-tungsten ngaphandle kweenguqu ezinkulu kwinkqubo ye-welding.
Ukuba ufuna ukukhulisa isakhono se-welding, i-lanthanum tungsten electrode lolona khetho lufanelekileyo.Ziyilungele i-AC okanye i-DCEN enencam, okanye zingasetyenziswa ne-AC sine wave wave power.I-Lanthanum kunye ne-tungsten inokugcina i-tip ebukhali kakuhle, eyinzuzo yentsimbi ye-welding kunye nensimbi engenasici kwi-DC okanye i-AC usebenzisa i-square wave power supply.
Ngokungafani ne-thorium tungsten, ezi electrode zifanelekile kwi-AC welding kwaye, njenge-electrodes ye-cerium, ivumela i-arc ukuba iqalwe kwaye igcinwe kwi-voltage ephantsi.Xa kuthelekiswa ne-tungsten esulungekileyo, kubungakanani obunikiweyo be-electrode, ukongezwa kwe-lanthanum oxide kwandisa amandla okuphatha ngoku malunga ne-50%.
I-zirconium tungsten electrode (i-AWS classification EWZr-1) iqulethe ubuncinane i-99.10% ye-tungsten kunye ne-0.15% ukuya kwi-0.40% ye-zirconium.I-zirconium tungsten electrode inokuvelisa i-arc ezinzileyo kwaye ithintele isitshizi se-tungsten.Lukhetho olufanelekileyo lwe-AC welding kuba igcina incam engqukuva kwaye inokumelana nongcoliseko oluphezulu.Umthamo wayo wangoku wokuthwala ulingana okanye mkhulu kune-thorium tungsten.Akukhuthazwa ukusebenzisa i-zirconium ye-DC welding phantsi kwayo nayiphi na imeko.
I-electrode ye-tungsten yomhlaba enqabileyo (i-AWS yokuhlelwa kwe-EWG) iqulethe izongezo ze-oxide zomhlaba ezinqabileyo ezingachazwanga okanye indibaniselwano edibeneyo yee-oxides ezahlukeneyo, kodwa umenzi kufuneka abonise isongezo ngasinye kunye nepesenti yaso kwiphakheji.Ngokuxhomekeke kwi-additive, iziphumo ezifunwayo zingabandakanya ukuvelisa i-arc ezinzileyo ngexesha leenkqubo ze-AC kunye ne-DC, ubomi obude kune-thorium tungsten, ukukwazi ukusebenzisa i-electrode encinci ye-diameter kumsebenzi ofanayo, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-electrodes yobukhulu obufanayo Umgangatho ophezulu wangoku. kunye nesitshizi se-tungsten esincinci.
Emva kokukhetha uhlobo lwe-electrode, isinyathelo esilandelayo kukukhetha ukulungiswa kokuphela.Ezi zintathu zinokukhethwa zingqukuva, zichongiwe kwaye zisikiwe.
Incam engqukuva idla ngokusetyenziselwa i-tungsten esulungekileyo kunye nee-electrode ze-zirconium kwaye iyacetyiswa kwiinkqubo ze-AC kumaza e-sine kunye noomatshini be-GTAW bemveli yesikwere.Ukuze wenze i-terraform ngokuchanekileyo ekupheleni kwe-tungsten, sebenzisa nje i-AC yangoku ekhuthazwayo kwi-diameter ye-electrode enikeziweyo (jonga uMzobo 1), kwaye ibhola iya kwenziwa ekupheleni kwe-electrode.
Ububanzi besiphelo se-spherical akufanele budlule amaxesha angama-1.5 ububanzi be-electrode (umzekelo, i-electrode eyi-1/8-intshi kufuneka yenze isiphelo se-3/16-intshi ububanzi).I-sphere enkulu kwincam ye-electrode inciphisa ukuzinza kwe-arc.Isenokuwa kwaye yonakalise i-weld.
Iingcebiso kunye / okanye iingcebiso ezinqamlekileyo (kwi-tungsten ecocekileyo, i-cerium, i-lanthanum kunye neentlobo ze-thorium) zisetyenziswa kwi-inverter AC kunye neenkqubo ze-DC welding.
Ukusila i-tungsten ngokufanelekileyo, sebenzisa ivili lokugaya elenzelwe ngokukodwa ukugaya i-tungsten (ukuthintela ukungcoliswa) kunye nevili lokusila elenziwe ngeborax okanye idayimane (ukuxhathisa ubulukhuni be-tungsten).Qaphela: Ukuba ugaya i-thorium tungsten, nceda uqinisekise ukuba ulawula kwaye uqokelele uthuli;isikhululo sokusila sinenkqubo yokungenisa umoya eyaneleyo;kwaye ulandele izilumkiso zomenzi, imiyalelo kunye ne-MSDS.
Gaya i-tungsten ngokuthe ngqo kwivili kwi-angle ye-90 degree (jonga uMzobo 2) ukuqinisekisa ukuba amanqaku okusila ahamba kunye nobude be-electrode.Ukwenza oko kunokunciphisa ubukho bemiqolo kwi-tungsten, enokubangela i-arc drift okanye inyibilike kwi-weld pool, ekhokelela kungcoliseko.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, ufuna ukugaya i-taper kwi-tungsten ukuba ingabi ngaphezu kwe-2.5 i-diameter ye-electrode (umzekelo, i-electrode eyi-1/8-intshi, umgangatho womhlaba yi-1/4 ukuya kwi-5/16 intshi ubude).Ukugaya i-tungsten kwikhowuni kunokwenza lula inguqu ye-arc ukuqala, kwaye ivelise i-arc egxile ngakumbi, ukuze ufumane ukusebenza okungcono kwe-welding.
Xa u-welding kwizinto ezincinci (0.005 ukuya kwi-0.040 intshi) kwinqanaba eliphantsi, kungcono ukugaya i-tungsten kwinqanaba.Incam ivumela i-welding yangoku ukuba idluliselwe kwi-arc ekugxilwe kuyo kwaye inceda ukukhusela ukuguqulwa kweentsimbi ezincinci ezifana ne-aluminium.Akukhuthazwa ukusebenzisa i-tungsten echongiweyo kwizicelo eziphezulu zangoku kuba umsinga ophakamileyo uya kuvuthela incam ye-tungsten kwaye ubangele ukungcoliswa kwe-weld pool.
Kwizicelo eziphezulu zangoku, kungcono ukugaya i-tip enqunyiwe.Ukufumana le milo, i-tungsten ngumhlaba wokuqala kwi-taper echazwe ngasentla, kwaye iphantsi kwi-0.010 ukuya kwi-intshi ye-0.030.Umhlaba osicaba ekupheleni kwe-tungsten.Lo mhlaba usicaba unceda ukukhusela i-tungsten ekugqithiseni kwi-arc.Kwakhona kuthintela ukubunjwa kweebhola.
I-WELDER, eyayifudula ibizwa ngokuba yi-Practical Welding Today, ibonisa abantu bokwenene abenza imveliso esiyisebenzisayo nesisebenza yonke imihla.Eli phephancwadi liye lanceda abantu abadibanisa iintsimbi kuMntla Merika ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-20.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-23-2021