Kwinkqubo ye-welding, kukho imiba emininzi efuna ukuqwalaselwa.Yakuba ingahoywanga, isenokuba yimpazamo enkulu.La ngamanqaku okufuneka ubeke ingqalelo kuwo ukuba uphicotho lwenkqubo ye-welding.Ukuba ujongana neengozi ezisemgangathweni we-welding, kusafuneka unikele ingqalelo kwezi ngxaki!
1. Ukwakhiwa kwe-Welding ayinikeli ingqalelo ekukhetheni i-voltage engcono kakhulu
[I-Phenomenon] Ngexesha le-welding, i-voltage efanayo ye-arc ikhethwa kungakhathaliseki ukuba i-bottom, ukuzaliswa, kunye ne-capping, kungakhathaliseki ubungakanani be-groove.Ngale ndlela, ubunzulu bokungena obufunekayo kunye nobubanzi bokudityaniswa busenokungahlangatyezwa, kwaye iziphene ezifana ne-undercut, pores, kunye ne-splashes zingenzeka.
[Imilinganiselo] Ngokuqhelekileyo, ngokweemeko ezahlukeneyo, i-arc ende ehambelanayo okanye i-arc emfutshane kufuneka ikhethwe ukufumana umgangatho ongcono welding kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.Ngokomzekelo, ukusebenza kwe-arc emfutshane kufuneka kusetyenziswe ukufumana ukungena okungcono ngexesha le-welding ephantsi, kwaye i-voltage ye-arc inokunyuswa ngokufanelekileyo ukuze kufumaneke ukusebenza okuphezulu kunye nobubanzi bokudibanisa ngexesha lokuzalisa i-welding okanye i-cap welding.
2. I-Welding ayilawuli i-welding current
[Phenomenon] Ngexesha welding, ukuze kukhawuleziswe inkqubela, iiweld iimpundu aphakathi kunye neepleyiti angqindilili azikho beveled.Isalathiso samandla siyehla, okanye singaphumeleli ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezisemgangathweni, kwaye ukuqhekeka kubonakala ngexesha lokuvavanya ukugoba, okuya kwenza ukuba ukusebenza kwamalungu adibeneyo akukwazi ukuqinisekiswa kwaye kubangele ingozi enokwenzeka kukhuseleko lwesakhiwo.
[Amanyathelo] I-Welding kufuneka ilawulwe ngokuhambelana ne-welding yangoku ekuvavanyeni inkqubo, kwaye i-10-15% ukuguquguquka kuvunyelwe.Ubungakanani bomphetho onqabileyo we-groove akufanele budlule i-6mm.Xa i-docking, xa ubukhulu beplate budlula i-6mm, i-bevel kufuneka ivulwe kwi-welding.
3. Musa ukunikela ingqalelo kwisantya se-welding kunye ne-welding current, kwaye ububanzi bentonga ye-welding kufuneka isetyenziswe ngokuvumelana.
[Phenomenon] Xa welding, musani ukunikela ingqalelo ukulawula isantya welding kunye welding yangoku, kwaye usebenzise i-electrode ububanzi kunye nesikhundla welding kukulungelelanisa.Ngokomzekelo, xa i-welding ye-rooting yenziwa kwiimbombo zekona ezingene ngokupheleleyo, ngenxa yobungakanani bengcambu emxinwa, ukuba isantya se-welding sikhawuleza kakhulu, i-gas kunye ne-slag inclusions kwingcambu ayiyi kuba nexesha elaneleyo lokukhupha, okuya kubangela iziphene ngokulula. ezifana nokungena okungaphelelanga, ukufakwa kwe-slag, kunye nama-pores kwingcambu;Ngexesha le-welding cover, ukuba isantya se-welding sikhawuleza kakhulu, kulula ukuvelisa ama-pores;ukuba isantya se-welding sicotha kakhulu, ukuqiniswa kwe-weld kuya kuba phezulu kakhulu kwaye imilo iya kuba yinto engafanelekanga;Ukucotha, kulula ukutshisa kunye nokunye.
[Imilinganiselo] Isantya seWelding sinempembelelo ebalulekileyo kumgangatho we-welding kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso ye-welding.Xa ukhetha, khetha indawo efanelekileyo ye-welding ngokuhambelana ne-welding yangoku, indawo ye-weld (i-welding ephantsi, i-welding yokuzalisa, i-welding cover), ubukhulu be-weld, kunye nobukhulu be-groove.Isantya, phantsi kwesiseko sokuqinisekisa ukungena, ukukhutshwa lula kwegesi kunye ne-welding slag, akukho ukutshisa, kunye nokwakheka okulungileyo, isantya esiphezulu se-welding sikhethwa ukuphucula imveliso kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.
4. Musa ukunyamekela ukulawula ubude be-arc xa udibanisa
[I-Phenomenon] Ubude be-arc abulungiswanga ngokufanelekileyo ngokohlobo lwe-groove, inani le-welding layers, ifom ye-welding, uhlobo lwe-electrode, njl.Ngenxa yokusetyenziswa ngokungafanelekanga kobude be-arc welding, kunzima ukufumana iiwelds ezikumgangatho ophezulu.
[Amanyathelo] Ukuqinisekisa umgangatho we-weld, ukusebenza kwe-short-arc kusetyenziswa ngokubanzi ngexesha le-welding, kodwa ubude obufanelekileyo be-arc bunokukhethwa ngokweemeko ezahlukeneyo ukufumana umgangatho obalaseleyo we-welding, njenge-V-groove butt joint, I-fillet joint yokuqala I-maleko yokuqala kufuneka isebenzise i-arc emfutshane ukuqinisekisa ukungena ngaphandle kwe-undercutting, kwaye umaleko wesibini unokude kancinane ukuzalisa i-weld.I-arc emfutshane kufuneka isetyenziswe xa i-gap ye-weld incinci, kwaye i-arc ingaba yincinci xa i-gap inkulu, ukwenzela ukuba isantya se-welding sinokukhawuleza.I-arc ye-overhead welding kufuneka ibe yeyona imfutshane ukukhusela intsimbi etyhidiweyo ukuba ihambe phantsi;ukuze kulawulwe ubushushu bechibi elinyibilikisiweyo ngexesha le-welding ethe nkqo kunye ne-horizontal welding, i-low current kunye ne-short arc welding kufuneka isetyenziswe.Ukongezelela, kungakhathaliseki ukuba luhlobo luni lwe-welding olusetyenzisiweyo, kuyimfuneko ukugcina ubude be-arc ngokusisiseko bungatshintshi ngexesha lokuhamba, ukwenzela ukuba kuqinisekiswe ukuba ububanzi bokudibanisa kunye nobunzulu bokungena kwe-weld yonke buhambelana.
5. I-Welding ayinikeli ingqalelo ekulawuleni i-welding deformation
[I-Phenomenon] Xa i-welding i-welding, i-deformation ayilawulwa kwimiba yolandelelwano lwe-welding, ukulungiswa kwabasebenzi, ifom ye-groove, ukhetho lwe-welding kunye nendlela yokusebenza, eya kukhokelela kwi-deformation enkulu emva kwe-welding, ulungiso olunzima, kunye neendleko ezongeziweyo, ngakumbi kwii-welding. iipleyiti kunye nezixhobo zokusebenza ezinkulu.Ukulungiswa kunzima, kwaye ukulungiswa koomatshini kunokubangela ngokulula iintanda okanye iinyembezi ze-lamellar.Iindleko zokulungiswa komlilo ziphezulu kwaye ukusebenza kakubi kunokubangela ukugqithiswa kwe-workpiece ngokulula.Kwizixhobo zokusebenza ezineemfuno ezichanekileyo ezichanekileyo, ukuba akukho manyathelo okulawula ukuguqulwa okusebenzayo athathiweyo, ubungakanani bofakelo lwe-workpiece abuyi kuhlangabezana neemfuno zokusetyenziswa, kunye nokuphinda kusetyenziswe okanye kukhutshwe i-scrap.
[Amanyathelo] Yamkela ulandelelwano lwe-welding olufanelekileyo kwaye ukhethe iinkcazo ezifanelekileyo ze-welding kunye neendlela zokusebenza, kunye nokuthatha amanyathelo okuchasana nokuguqulwa kunye nokulungiswa okuqinileyo.
6. Ukuwelda okungapheliyo kwe-welding ye-multi-layer, ukungahoywa ekulawuleni ubushushu phakathi kweeleya
[I-Phenomenon] Xa udibanisa iipleyiti ezishinyeneyo ezinomaleko ohlukeneyo, sukunikela ingqalelo kulawulo lobushushu be-interlayer.Ukuba ikhefu phakathi kwamaleko lide kakhulu, ukuwelda ngaphandle kokufudumeza kwakhona kuya kubangela ukuqhekeka okubandayo phakathi kweeleya;ukuba ikhefu lifutshane kakhulu, ubushushu be-interlayer buya kuthi Ukuba iqondo lobushushu liphezulu kakhulu (ngaphezu kwe-900 ° C), liya kuchaphazela kwakhona ukusebenza kwe-weld kunye nendawo echatshazelwe bubushushu, okuya kubangela iinkozo ezirhabaxa, okukhokelela ekubeni ukuncipha kokuqina kunye neplastiki, kwaye iya kushiya iingozi ezifihlakeleyo ezinokuthi zibekho kumalungu.
[Imilinganiselo] Xa udibanisa iipleyiti ezishinyeneyo ezinomaleko ohlukeneyo, ulawulo lobushushu phakathi kweeleya kufuneka lomeleze.Ngethuba lenkqubo ye-welding eqhubekayo, ubushushu besiseko sentsimbi ekufuneka ifakwe kwi-welded kufuneka ihlolwe ukwenzela ukuba ukushisa phakathi kweengqimba kunokugcinwa ngokuhambelana ngokusemandleni kunye nokushisa kwangaphambili.Ubushushu obuphezulu buyalawulwa.Ixesha le-welding akufanele libe lide kakhulu.Kwimeko yokuphazamiseka kwe-welding, kufuneka kuthathwe amanyathelo afanelekileyo emva kokufudumeza kunye nokugcinwa kobushushu.Xa u-welding kwakhona, ubushushu bokufudumala kufuneka bube phezulu ngokufanelekileyo kunobushushu bokuqala bokufudumala.
7. Ukuba i-weld ye-multi-layer ayisusi i-welding slag kwaye ubuso be-weld buneziphene, i-weld ephantsi idibeneyo.
[Phenomenon] Xa ukuwelda amaleko amaninzi amacwecwe ashinyeneyo, umaleko ongezantsi udityaniswe ngokuthe ngqo ngaphandle kokususa i-welding slag kunye neziphene emva kokuba umaleko ngamnye udityanisiwe, onokuthi ubangele ukufakwa kwe-slag, iipores, iintanda kunye nezinye iziphene kwi-weld, ukunciphisa i-slag. amandla oqhagamshelwano kunye nokubangela umaleko osezantsi welding ixesha ukuchaphaza.
[Imilinganiselo] Xa welding amaleko ezininzi amacwecwe ashinyeneyo, umaleko ngamnye kufuneka welding ngokuqhubekayo.Emva kokuba uluhlu ngalunye lwe-weld ludityaniswe, i-welding slag, i-weld surface defects kunye ne-spatter kufuneka isuswe ngexesha, kwaye iziphene ezifana ne-slag inclusions, ii-pores kunye nokuqhekeka okuchaphazela umgangatho we-welding kufuneka zisuswe ngokupheleleyo phambi kwe-welding.
8. Ubungakanani bomdibaniso we-butt odibeneyo okanye i-butt yekona edibeneyo edibeneyo ye-weld edibeneyo efuna ukungena akwanele.
[I-Phenomenon] Amalungu amile okwe-T, amalunga anqamlezayo, amalunga ekona kunye nezinye ii-butt okanye i-butt ye-butt edityanisiweyo edityanisiweyo efuna ukungena, ubungakanani bomlenze we-weld awanelanga, okanye uyilo lwewebhu kunye nephiko eliphezulu lomqadi wecrane okanye ezifanayo. amacandelo efuna ukudinwa kujongwe Ukuba ubungakanani bomlenze we-welding we-plate edge uxhumano weld akwanelanga, amandla kunye nokuqina kwe-welding akuyi kuhlangabezana neemfuno zoyilo.
[Imilinganiselo] Amalungu e-T-shape, amalunga e-cross, amalunga e-fillet kunye namanye amalunga e-butt afuna ukungena kufuneka abe neemfuno ezaneleyo zeefillet ngokuhambelana neemfuno zoyilo.Ngokuqhelekileyo, ubukhulu befayili ye-weld akufanele ibe ngaphantsi kwe-0.25t (t yi-joint thinner plate thickness).Ubungakanani bomlenze we-welding we-welds odibanisa iwebhu kunye ne-flange ephezulu ye-crane girder okanye i-webs efanayo kunye neemfuno zokukhangela ukukhathala yi-0.5t, kwaye akufanele ibe ngaphezu kwe-10mm.Ukuphambuka okuvumelekileyo kobukhulu be-welding ngu-0-4 mm.
9. Iplagi ye-welding yentloko ye-electrode okanye ibhloko yentsimbi kwisithuba esidibeneyo
[I-Phenomenon] Ngenxa yokuba kunzima ukudibanisa intloko ye-electrode okanye ibhloko yentsimbi kunye nenxalenye edibeneyo ngexesha le-welding, iya kubangela iziphene ze-welding ezifana nokudityaniswa okungaphelelanga kunye nokungena okungaphelelanga, kunye nokunciphisa amandla okudibanisa.Ukuba izaliswe ngeentloko ze-electrode ezinqabileyo kunye neebhloko zetsimbi, kunzima ukuqinisekisa ukuba kuhambelana nezinto eziphathekayo zesiseko sesinyithi;ukuba izaliswe ngeentloko ze-electrode kunye neebhloko zensimbi ngeoli, ukungcola, njl., Kuya kubangela iziphene ezifana ne-pores, i-slag inclusions, kunye nokuqhekeka kwi-weld.Ezi meko ziya kunciphisa kakhulu umgangatho we-weld seam yokudibanisa, engakwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zomgangatho woyilo kunye nokucaciswa kwe-weld seam.
[Imilinganiselo] <1> Xa i-gap yendibano ye-workpiece inkulu, kodwa ingagqithisi kuluhlu oluvumelekileyo lokusetyenziswa, kwaye i-gap yendibano idlula amaxesha ama-2 ubukhulu beplate encinci okanye inkulu kune-20mm, indlela yokujonga phezulu kufuneka ibe esetyenziselwa ukugcwalisa indawo ehlanjululweyo okanye ukunciphisa umsantsa wendibano.Akuvunyelwe ngokungqongqo ukusebenzisa indlela yokuzalisa intloko yentonga ye-welding okanye ibhloko yentsimbi ukulungisa i-welding kwi-gap edibeneyo.<2> Xa kusetyenzwa kunye neengxenye ze-scribing, kufuneka kuhlawulwe ingqalelo ekushiyeni isibonelelo esaneleyo sokusika kunye ne-welding shrinkage allowance emva kokusika, kunye nokulawula ubungakanani bamacandelo.Musa ukwandisa i-gap ukuqinisekisa ubungakanani ngokubanzi.
10. Xa iipleyiti ezinobunzima obuhlukeneyo kunye nobubanzi zisetyenziselwa ukukhwela, utshintsho aluhambanga
[Phenomenon] Xa iipleyiti ezinobungqingqwa kunye nobubanzi obahlukeneyo zisetyenziselwa ukudibanisa iimpundu, musa ukuhoya ukuba umahluko wobungqingqwa ungaphakathi koluhlu oluvumelekileyo lomgangatho.Ukuba ayikho ngaphakathi kuluhlu oluvumelekileyo kwaye ngaphandle konyango oluthambileyo lwenguqu, i-weld seam inokubangela uxinzelelo kunye neziphene ze-welding ezifana nokudityaniswa okungaphelelanga kwindawo ephezulu kunobunzima beshiti, okuya kuchaphazela umgangatho we-welding.
[Imilinganiselo] Xa imimiselo echaphazelekayo igqithiswa, i-weld kufuneka ifakwe kwi-slope, kwaye ixabiso eliphezulu elivumelekileyo le-slope kufuneka libe yi-1: 2.5;okanye elinye okanye omabini amacala obunzima kufuneka aqhutywe kwi-slope phambi kwe-welding, kwaye ixabiso eliphezulu elivumelekileyo le-slope kufuneka libe yi-1: 2.5, xa i-slope yesakhiwo ithwala ngokuthe ngqo umthwalo oguqukayo kwaye ifuna ukujonga ukukhathala, ukuthambekela akufanele kube. mkhulu kuno-1:4.Xa iipleyiti ezinobubanzi obuhlukeneyo zixhunywe kwi-butt, ukusika i-thermal, i-machining okanye i-grinding wheel grinding kufuneka isetyenziswe ngokuhambelana nefektri kunye neemeko zesayithi ukwenza utshintsho olugudileyo, kunye ne-slope ephezulu evumelekileyo kwi-joint yi-1: 2.5.
11. Unganikeli ingqalelo kulandelelwano lwe-welding kumacandelo ane-cross welds
[I-Phenomenon] Kumacandelo ane-welds cross, ukuba asiyi kuqwalasela ngokufanelekileyo ukulungelelanisa ulandelelwano lwe-welding ngokuhlalutya ukukhululwa koxinzelelo lwe-welding kunye nefuthe loxinzelelo lwe-welding kwi-deformation yecandelo, kodwa i-weld ngokuthe nkqo kunye ne-horizontally randomly, isiphumo siya kubangela ubude kwaye iindawo ezithe tyaba zokunqanda omnye komnye, okubangela ukuba kukhulu Uxinzelelo lweqondo lokuncipha lobushushu luya kukhubaza ipleyiti, umphezulu wepleyiti uya kuba ungalingani, kwaye unokubangela iintanda kwi-weld.
[Imilinganiselo] Kumacandelo ane-welds enqamlezayo, ulandelelwano lwe-welding olufanelekileyo kufuneka lusekwe.Xa kukho iintlobo ezininzi ze welds ezinqamlezileyo ezithe nkqo nezithe tye kufuneka zidityaniswe, i-welds enqamlezayo kunye ne-shrinkage deformation enkulu kufuneka idityaniswe kuqala, kwaye i-welds ye-longitudinal kufuneka idityaniswe, ukwenzela ukuba i-welds enqamlezileyo ayiyi kunyanzeliswa yi-welds longitudinal. ukuwelda iiweld ezinqamlezileyo, ukwenzela ukuba uxinzelelo lwe-shrinkage lwe-welds ezinqamlezileyo Ikhutshwe ngaphandle kokuthintelwa ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwe-weld, ukugcina umgangatho we-weld, okanye i-weld butt welds kuqala kwaye emva koko i-welds ye-weld
12. Xa i-welding ejikelezileyo isetyenziselwa ukuhlangana kweentambo zeentsimbi zecandelo, i-welding eqhubekayo iya kusetyenziswa kwiikona.
[I-Phenomenon] Xa i-lap joint phakathi kwecandelo lentsimbi yentsimbi kunye nepleyiti eqhubekayo ijikelezwe yi-welding, i-welds kumacala omabini entonga idityaniswe kuqala, kwaye i-welds yokugqibela idityaniswe kamva, kwaye i-welding iyayeka.Nangona oku kunenzuzo ekunciphiseni i-welding deformation, iyakwazi ukuxinzelela uxinzelelo kunye neziphene ze-welding kwiikona zeentonga, ezichaphazela umgangatho wamalungu adibeneyo.
[Imilinganiselo] Xa i-lap joints of section steel rods idityanisiwe, i-welding kufuneka igqitywe ngokuqhubekayo kwikona ngexesha elinye, kwaye ungayifaki kwikona kwaye uye kwelinye icala ukuze udibanise.
13. I-docking elinganayo-amandla iyafuneka, kwaye akukho zicwecwe zokuqalisa i-arc kunye neepleyiti ezikhokelayo kuzo zombini iziphelo ze-crane beam wing plate kunye ne-web plate.
[Phenomenon] Xa welding butt welds, full-penetration fillet welds, and welds between crane beam flange plates and webs, akukho arc-starting plates and lead-out plates idityaniswe kwindawo yokuqala kunye namanqaku aphumayo, ukuze xa ukuwelda iziphelo zokuqala kunye nesiphelo, Ekubeni i-voltage yangoku kunye ne-voltage ayizinzanga ngokwaneleyo, ubushushu kwindawo yokuqala kunye neyokugqibela ayizinzanga ngokwaneleyo, nto leyo inokukhokelela ngokulula kwiziphene ezifana nokudityaniswa okungaphelelanga, ukungena okungaphelelanga, ukuqhekeka, ukufakwa kwe-slag, kunye ama-pores kwi-welds yokuqala kunye nokuphela, eya kunciphisa amandla e-weld kwaye ingaphumeleli ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zoyilo.
[Imilinganiselo] Xa udibanisa i-butt welds, i-weld-penetration fillet welds, kunye ne-welds phakathi kwe-crane girder flange kunye newebhu, iipleyiti ze-arc zokubetha kunye neepleyiti eziphumayo kufuneka zifakwe kuzo zombini iziphelo ze-weld.Emva kokuba inxalenye ephosakeleyo ikhutshwe kwi-workpiece, inxalenye ephosakeleyo iyanqunyulwa ukuqinisekisa umgangatho we-weld.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-12-2023