1. Ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwexinzelelo Inqaku loxinzelelo loxinzelelo lomthombo wokudinwa kwe-crack kwi-welded joint kunye nesakhiwo, kwaye zonke iindlela zokuphelisa okanye zokunciphisa uxinzelelo loxinzelelo kunokuphucula amandla okukhathala kwesakhiwo.
(1) Yamkela ifomu efanelekileyo yolwakhiwo
① Amalungu empundu akhethwa, kwaye amalungu emilenze awasetyenziswa kangangoko;Amalungu e-T-shaped okanye amalunga ekona atshintshelwe kwi-butt joints kwizakhiwo ezibalulekileyo, ukwenzela ukuba i-welds igweme iikona;xa kusetyenziswa i-T-shaped joints or corner joints, kuthenjwa ukuba kusetyenziswe i-butt welds yokungena ngokupheleleyo.
② Zama ukuphepha ukuyila ukulayishwa kwe-eccentric, ukwenzela ukuba amandla angaphakathi elungu angahanjiswa kakuhle kwaye asasazwe ngokulinganayo ngaphandle kokubangela uxinzelelo olongezelelweyo.
③Ukunciphisa utshintsho olukhawulezileyo lwecandelo, xa ubukhulu bepleyiti okanye ububanzi buhluka kakhulu kwaye kufuneka bufakwe kwidokodo, indawo yenguqu ethambileyo kufuneka iyilwe;ikona elibukhali okanye ikona yesakhiwo kufuneka yenziwe kwi-arc shape, kwaye i-radius enkulu ye-curvature, ingcono.
④Kuthintele iindlela ezintathu zokuwelda ezinqumlana esithubeni, zama ukungazibeki iiweldi kwiindawo zoxinaniso, kwaye uzame ukungazibeki iiwedi ezinqamlezileyo kumalungu aphambili oxinzelelo;xa kungenakuphepha, umgangatho wangaphakathi nangaphandle we-weld kufuneka uqinisekiswe, kwaye i-weld toe kufuneka iyancipha.uxinzelelo loxinzelelo.
⑤Ii-butt welds ezinokuthi zifakwe kuphela kwicala elinye, akuvumelekanga ukubeka iiplate zokuxhasa ngasemva kwizakhiwo ezibalulekileyo;kuphephe ukusebenzisa i-welds intermittent, kuba kukho uxinzelelo oluphezulu ekuqaleni nasekupheleni kwe-weld nganye.
(2).Imilo ye-weld echanekileyo kunye ne-weld elungileyo ngaphakathi nangaphandle komgangatho
① Ubude obushiyekileyo bomdibaniso we-butt kufuneka bube buncinci kangangoko, kwaye kungcono ukucwangcisa (okanye ukucola) umcaba emva kwe-welding ngaphandle kokushiya nabuphi na ubude obushiyekileyo;
② Kungcono ukusebenzisa i-welds ye-fillet kunye ne-concave surface kwi-T-shaped joints, ngaphandle kwee-welds ze-fillet kunye ne-convexity;
③ Inzwane ekudibaneni kwe-weld kunye nesiseko somgangatho wesinyithi kufuneka iguqulwe kakuhle, kwaye inzwane kufuneka ibe phantsi okanye i-argon arc iyanyibilikiswa xa kuyimfuneko ukunciphisa uxinzelelo loxinzelelo apho.
Zonke iziphene ze-welding zinemigangatho eyahlukeneyo yoxinzelelo loxinzelelo, ngakumbi iziphene ze-flake welding, ezinje ngokuqhekeka, ukungangeni, ukungadibanisi kunye nokuluma komphetho, njl., zinempembelelo enkulu kumandla okudinwa.Ngoko ke, kuyilo lwesakhiwo, kuyimfuneko ukuba kuqinisekiswe ukuba i-weld nganye ilula ukuyidibanisa, ukwenzela ukunciphisa iziphene ze-welding, kunye neziphene ezidlula umgangatho kufuneka zisuswe.
2.Lungisa uxinzelelo olushiyekileyo
Ukuxinezeleka okushiyekileyo ebusweni belungu okanye ugxininiso loxinzelelo lunokuphucula amandla okukhathala kwesakhiwo esidibeneyo.Ngokomzekelo, ngokulungelelanisa ukulandelelana kwe-welding kunye nokufudumeza kwendawo, kunokwenzeka ukuba ufumane intsimi yoxinzelelo oluseleyo olulungele ukuphucula amandla okukhathala.Ukongeza, ukomelezwa kokuguqulwa komphezulu, njengokuqengqeleka, ukubethelwa ngehamile okanye ukukroba, kunokwamkelwa ukwenza intsimbi yomphezulu weplastiki deformation kunye nokuqina, kwaye ivelise uxinzelelo olushiyekileyo olucinezelayo kumphezulu womgangatho ukufezekisa injongo yokuphucula amandla okudinwa.
Ukuxinezeleka okushiyekileyo kuphezulu kwinotshi kunokufumaneka ngokusebenzisa ixesha elinye langaphambi kokugqithiswa kokugqithiswa kwelungu elinotshi.Oku kungenxa yokuba uphawu lwe-notch yoxinzelelo olushiyekileyo emva kokukhulula i-elastic ihlala ichasene nomqondiso woxinzelelo lwenotshi ngexesha (elastoplastic) yokulayisha.Le ndlela ayifanelekanga ukugoba umthwalo ogqithisileyo okanye ukulayisha okuphindaphindiweyo.Ihlala idityaniswa novavanyo lolwamkelo lwesakhiwo, njengemikhumbi yoxinzelelo yovavanyo lwe-hydraulic, inokudlala indima yokuqina kwangaphambili.
3.Ukuphucula ubume kunye neempawu zezinto eziphathekayo
Okokuqala, ukuphucula amandla okukhathala kwesiseko sesinyithi kunye nentsimbi ye-weld kufuneka kwakhona kuthathelwe ingqalelo kumgangatho ongaphakathi wezinto eziphathekayo.Umgangatho we-metallurgical wezinto eziphathekayo kufuneka uphuculwe ukunciphisa ukufakwa kuyo.Amacandelo abalulekileyo angenziwa ngezinto ezivela kwiinkqubo zokunyibilikisa ezifana ne-vacuum melting, i-vacuum degassing, kunye ne-electroslag remelting ukuqinisekisa ukucoceka;Ubomi bokudinwa kwentsimbi yeenkozo bunokuphuculwa ngokucokisa ubushushu begumbi.I-microstructure engcono kakhulu inokufumaneka ngonyango lobushushu, kwaye iplastiki kunye nokuqina kunokuphuculwa ngelixa amandla anyuka.I-martensite epholileyo, i-carbon martensite ephantsi kunye ne-bainite ephantsi inokumelana nokudinwa okuphezulu.Okwesibini, amandla, iplastiki kunye nokuqina kufuneka kuhambelane ngokufanelekileyo.Amandla kukukwazi kwempahla ukuxhathisa ukuphuka, kodwa izixhobo eziphezulu zamandla zinovakalelo kwiinotshi.Umsebenzi oyintloko weplastiki kukuba ngokuguqulwa kweplastiki, umsebenzi wokuguqulwa unokufunxwa, ukunyanzeliswa kwengcinezelo kunokunciphisa, uxinzelelo oluphezulu lunokwabiwa kwakhona, kwaye i-notch kunye ne-crack tip inokugqithiswa, kwaye ukwandiswa kwe-crack kunokunciphisa okanye kumiswe.Iplastiki inokuqinisekisa ukuba amandla omdlalo opheleleyo.Ngoko ke, ngenxa yentsimbi ephezulu kunye ne-ultra-high-strength steel, ukuzama ukuphucula iplastiki encinci kunye nokuqina kuya kuphucula kakhulu ukuxhathisa ukukhathala.
4.Amanyathelo okukhusela akhethekileyo
Ukhukuliseko oluphakathi kwe-atmospheric luhlala lunempembelelo kumandla okudinwa kwezixhobo, ngoko kunenzuzo ukusebenzisa i-coating ethile yokukhusela.Umzekelo, ukugquma umaleko weplastiki equlethe izihluzi ekugxininiseni uxinzelelo yindlela yokuphucula esebenzayo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jun-27-2023