Intshayelelo
Njengoko umzimba wesithuthi ungumthwali wezinye iindawo zesithuthi, itekhnoloji yokuvelisa ibeka ngokuthe ngqo umgangatho wokwenziwa kwesithuthi.I-Welding yinkqubo ebalulekileyo yokuvelisa kwinkqubo yokwenziwa komzimba weemoto.Okwangoku, itekhnoloji ye-welding esetyenziselwa ukuwelda i-automotive body welding ibandakanya ukuwelda indawo yokumelana, ukuwelda kwe-MIG, ukuwelda kwe-MAG kunye ne-laser welding.
Itekhnoloji ye-laser welding njengobuchwephesha bokuwelda obuphambili be-optoelectromechanical, xa kuthelekiswa netekhnoloji ye-welding yemoto yemveli, ineengenelo zokuxinana kwamandla aphezulu, isantya esikhawulezayo sokuwelda, uxinzelelo oluncinci lwe-welding kunye nokuguqulwa, kunye nokuguquguquka okuhle.
Ulwakhiwo lomzimba wemoto luntsonkothile, kwaye izinto zalo zinodonga olucekethekileyo kwaye lugobile.Ukuwelda umzimba wemoto kujongana nobunzima obuthile, obunje ngotshintsho kwimathiriyeli yomzimba, ubukhulu obahlukeneyo bamalungu omzimba, iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuwelda kunye neefom ezidibeneyo.Ukongeza, ukuwelda umzimba wemoto kuneemfuno eziphezulu kumgangatho wokuwelda kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwe-welding.
Ngokusekwe kwiiparamitha ezifanelekileyo zenkqubo ye-welding, i-laser welding inokuqinisekisa amandla aphezulu okudinwa kunye nokuqina kwempembelelo yamacandelo abalulekileyo omzimba wemoto, ukuze kuqinisekiswe umgangatho we-welding kunye nobomi benkonzo yomzimba wemoto.Itekhnoloji ye-laser welding inokuziqhelanisa neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zokudityaniswa, ubukhulu obahlukeneyo kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zezixhobo ze-auto body welding, ukuhlangabezana neemfuno eziguquguqukayo zokwenziwa komzimba we-auto.Ke ngoko, itekhnoloji ye-laser welding yeyona ndlela ibalulekileyo yobuchule bokufikelela kuphuhliso olukumgangatho ophezulu kushishino lweemoto.
Itekhnoloji ye-laser welding yomzimba wemoto
Itekhnoloji ye-laser yokungena kwi-welding yomzimba wemoto
Umgaqo wenkqubo ye-laser yokungena kwi-welding (Umfanekiso 1) ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: xa ubuninzi bamandla e-laser bufikelela kwinqanaba elithile, umphezulu wezinto eziphathekayo uyaphuphuma, wenze i-keyhole.Xa uxinzelelo lomphunga wesinyithi emngxunyeni lufikelela kwibhalansi eguquguqukayo kunye noxinzelelo lwe-static kunye nokunyanzeliswa komphezulu wolwelo olujikelezileyo, i-laser inokukhutshelwa ezantsi komngxuma ngomngxuma wesitshixo, kunye nokuhamba kwe-laser beam, okuqhubekayo. weld yenziwa.Ngexesha lenkqubo ye-laser yokungena kwi-welding, akukho mfuneko yokongeza i-flux encedisayo okanye i-filler, kunye nezixhobo zokusebenza ze-workpiece zinokudityaniswa kunye.
IKHIWANE.1 Umzobo weSchematic wenkqubo ye-laser yokungena kwi-welding
I-weld efunyenwe yi-laser ye-penetration welding ihlala igudileyo kwaye ithe tye, kwaye i-deformation incinci, enceda ekuphuculeni ukuchaneka kokwenziwa komzimba wemoto.Amandla aphezulu e-weld aqinisekisa umgangatho we-welding womzimba wemoto.Isantya se-welding sikhawuleza, esiluncedo ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kwemveliso ye-welding.
Kwinkqubo ye-welding ye-automobile body welding, ukusetyenziswa kwenkqubo ye-laser yokungena kwi-welding inokunciphisa kakhulu inani lamalungu, ukubumba kunye nezixhobo ze-welding, ngaloo ndlela kuncitshiswe ubunzima bomzimba kunye neendleko zemveliso.Nangona kunjalo, inkqubo ye-laser yokungena kwi-welding inokunyamezela kakubi kwi-gap yendibano yeendawo ezidibeneyo, kwaye i-gap yendibano kufuneka ilawulwe phakathi kwe-0.05 kunye ne-2 mm.Ukuba i-gap yendibano inkulu kakhulu, iziphene ze-welding ezifana ne-pores ziya kwenzeka.
Uphando lwangoku lubonisa ukuba i-weld enokwakheka kakuhle komphezulu, iziphene ezincinci zangaphakathi kunye neepropathi ezigqwesileyo zoomatshini zinokufumaneka ngokulungisa iiparamitha zenkqubo ye-laser yokungena ngokunzulu kwi-welding yesixhobo esifanayo somzimba wemoto.Iimpawu ezigqwesileyo zomatshini we-weld zinokuhlangabezana neemfuno zamacandelo e-welding yomzimba wemoto.Nangona kunjalo, kwi-welding yemoto yemoto, itekhnoloji ye-laser yentsimbi yokungena enzulu emelwe yi-aluminium alloy kunye nentsimbi ayivuthwanga.Nangona i-welding seams ezinomsebenzi ogqwesileyo inokufunyanwa ngokongeza iileya zenguqu, indlela yempembelelo yemathiriyeli yenguqu eyohlukeneyo kumaleko we-IMC kunye nenkqubo yazo yokusebenza kwi-weld microstructure ayicacanga, kwaye uphando olongezelelweyo luyafuneka.
Inkqubo ye-welding ye-automobile body laser filling welding
Umgaqo-nkqubo we-laser filler welding wire welding ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: i-welding edibeneyo yenziwa ngokuzalisa ngaphambili i-welding wire ethile kwi-weld okanye ukondla ucingo lwe-welding ngaxeshanye ngexesha le-laser welding process.Oku kulingana negalelo malunga ne-homogeneous welding wire material kwi weld pool ngexesha lelaser yokungena nzulu.Umzobo ocwangcisiweyo wenkqubo ye-laser filler welding wire welding iboniswe kuMfanekiso 2.
IKHIWANE.2 I-Schematic diagram ye-laser wire filling welding process
Xa kuthelekiswa ne-laser yokungena kwi-welding enzulu, i-laser yokuzalisa i-welding ineenzuzo ezimbini kwi-auto body welding: okokuqala, inokuphucula kakhulu ukunyamezela kwe-gap yendibano phakathi kwamalungu omzimba we-auto ukuba adityaniswe, kwaye asombulule ingxaki yokuba kufuna ukucocwa kakhulu kwegroove;Okwesibini, ukuhanjiswa kwezicubu kwindawo ye-weld kunokuphuculwa ngokusebenzisa iingcingo ze-welding ezinemixholo eyahlukeneyo yokubunjwa, kwaye ke ukusebenza kwe-weld kunokulawulwa.
Kwinkqubo yokwenziwa komzimba wemoto, inkqubo ye-laser yokuzalisa i-welding isetyenziswa ikakhulu kwi-welding aluminium alloy kunye nentsimbi yomzimba.Ngokukodwa kwinkqubo ye-welding ye-aluminium alloy alloy ye-automobile body, ukuxinana komphezulu we-pool etyhidiweyo kuncinci, ekulula ukukhokelela ekuweni kwechibi elityhidiweyo, kunye nenkqubo yokuzalisa ucingo lwe-laser inokusombulula ngcono ingxaki yokuwa kwechibi elinyibilikisiweyo. ngokunyibilikisa i-welding wire.
Itekhnoloji yokuqhafaza kweLaser yomzimba wemoto
Umgaqo wenkqubo yokuqhawula i-laser umi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: i-laser isetyenziswe njengomthombo wokushisa, i-laser beam ikhanyisa kumphezulu wocingo lwe-welding emva kokugxilwa, ucingo lwe-welding luyancibilika, ucingo olunyibilikisiweyo luyancipha kwaye luzaliswe phakathi iinxalenye ukuba idityaniswe, kunye neziphumo metallurgical ezifana ukunyibilika kunye nokusasazwa kwenzeka phakathi isinyithi filler kunye workpiece, ukuze workpiece idityaniswe.Ngokungafaniyo nenkqubo ye-laser yokuzalisa i-welding, inkqubo yokuqhawula i-laser inyibilika kuphela ucingo kwaye ayinyibiliki i-workpiece ukuba ifakwe.I-Laser brazing inozinzo oluhle lwe-welding, kodwa amandla okuqina e-weld aphantsi.IKHIWANE.I-3 ibonisa ukusetyenziswa kwenkqubo yokuqhawula i-laser kwi-automobile boot lid welding.
IKHIWANE.3 Ukusetyenziswa kwelaser brazing kwimoto: (a) i-laser welding of the hood of hood;(b) Idayagram ecwangcisiweyo yebrazing yelaser
Kwinkqubo yokuwelda umzimba wemoto, inkqubo yokugaywa kwelaser ikakhulu kukuwelda amalungu omzimba aneemfuno eziphantsi zamandla adibeneyo, njengokuwelda phakathi kwesigqubuthelo esingaphezulu kunye nodonga olusecaleni lomzimba, ukuwelda phakathi kwendawo ephezulu nasezantsi yesiqu. ikhava, njl, Volkswagen, Audi kunye neminye imifuziselo high-isiphelo isigqubuthelo phezulu usebenzisa inkqubo yokuqhawuka laser.
Iziphene eziphambili kwi-laser brazing welding seam ye-automobile body ziquka i-edge biting, i-porosity, i-weld deformation, njl. Iziphene zinokucinezelwa ngokucacileyo ngokulungelelanisa iiparitha zenkqubo kunye nokusebenzisa inkqubo yokugxininisa i-laser ye-multi-focus.
Itekhnoloji ye-laser ye-arc yokudibanisa i-welding yomzimba wemoto
Umgaqo wenkqubo ye-laser-arc composite welding ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: usebenzisa imithombo emibini yobushushu belaser kunye ne-arc ukwenza phezu kwendawo yokusebenza ukuba idityaniswe ngexesha elifanayo, i-workpiece iyancibilika kwaye iqiniswe ukwenza i-weld.Umzobo we-4 ubonisa umzobo oqingqiweyo wenkqubo ye-laser-arc composite welding.
IKHIWANE.4 Umzobo weSchematic wenkqubo ye-laser-arc composite welding
I-laser-arc composite welding ineenzuzo zazo zombini i-laser welding kunye ne-arc welding: okokuqala, phantsi kwesenzo semithombo yokushisa kabini, isantya se-welding siyaphuculwa, igalelo lobushushu lincinci, i-weld deformation incinci, kunye neempawu ze-laser welding. ziyagcinwa;Okwesibini, inekhono elingcono lokuvala kunye nokunyamezela okukhulu kwesikhewu sendibano;Okwesithathu, izinga lokuqiniswa kwedama elityhidiweyo liyacotha, elinceda ukuphelisa iziphene ze-welding ezifana ne-pores kunye neentanda, kunye nokuphucula isakhiwo kunye nokusebenza kwendawo echaphazelekayo yokushisa.Okwesine, ngenxa yempembelelo ye-arc, iyakwazi ukuthunga izinto eziphathekayo kunye ne-conductivity ephezulu ye-thermal, kwaye uluhlu lwezixhobo zokusebenza lubanzi.
Kwinkqubo yokwenziwa komzimba wemoto, inkqubo ye-laser-arc composite welding yekakhulu kukuweld aluminium alloy components of the body and aluminiyam-steel dissimilar metals, kunye newelding yenzelwe iindawo ezinezithuba ezinkulu zendibano, ezinje ngokuwelding iindawo zentsimbi. ucango lwemoto, kuba i-gap yendibano ilungele umdlalo wokusebenza kwebhulorho ye-laser-arc composite welding.Ukongeza, itekhnoloji ye-laser-MIG arc composite welding iphinda isetyenziswe kwindawo ephezulu yebhodi ye-Audi.
Kwinkqubo ye-welding ye-automobile body welding, i-laser-arc composite welding inenzuzo yokunyamezela i-gap enkulu kune-laser welding enye, kodwa indawo ehambelanayo ye-laser kunye ne-arc, i-laser welding parameters, i-arc parameters kunye nezinye izinto kufuneka ziqwalaselwe ngokubanzi.Ubushushu kunye nokuziphatha kokudluliselwa kobuninzi kwi-laser-arc welding iyinkimbinkimbi, ngakumbi indlela yokulawula amandla kunye nobukhulu be-IMC kunye nolawulo lwesakhiwo kwi-welding ye-welding yezinto ezahlukeneyo ayikacaci, kwaye uphando olongezelelweyo luyafuneka.
Ezinye iinkqubo ze-automotive body welding laser
I-laser ye-welding enzulu, i-laser yokuzalisa i-welding, i-laser brazing kunye ne-laser-arc composite welding kunye nezinye iinkqubo ze-welding zibe yithiyori eqolileyo kunye nezicelo ezisebenzayo ezibanzi.Ngophuculo lweemfuno zeshishini leemoto ekusebenzeni ngokufanelekileyo kokuwelda umzimba kunye nokwanda kwemfuno yezinto ezahlukeneyo zokuwelda kwimveliso yemoto ekhaphukhaphu, ukuwelda indawo yelaser, i-laser swing welding, i-multi-laser beam welding kunye ne-laser flight welding inikwe ingqalelo. ukuya.
Inkqubo yokuwelda indawo yeLaser
Ukuwelda indawo yeLaser bubuchwephesha bokuwelda obuphambili, obunoncedo lwesantya esikhawulezayo sokuwelda kunye nokuchaneka okuphezulu kwe-welding.Umgaqo osisiseko wokuwelda indawo ye-laser kukujolisa umqadi we-laser ukuya kwindawo ethile kwindawo ekufuneka idityaniswe, ukuze isinyithi kwindawo sinyibilike ngoko nangoko, ngokulungelelanisa ingxinano ye-laser ukufezekisa ukuwelda kwe-thermal okanye i-fusion ye-welding enzulu. , xa i-laser beam iyeka ukusebenza, i-reflow metal ye-liquid, iqina ukuze idibanise.
Kukho iindlela ezimbini eziphambili zokuwelda indawo ye-laser: ukuwelda indawo ye-laser kunye ne-laser spot welding eqhubekayo.I-Pulsed laser spot welding laser beam peak energy iphezulu, kodwa ixesha lesenzo lifutshane, lisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwi-magnesium alloy, i-aluminium alloy kunye nezinye iintsimbi ezikhanyayo.I-avareji yamandla e-laser beam kwi-laser spot welding iphezulu, ixesha lesenzo se-laser lide, kwaye lisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwi-welding yentsimbi.
Ngokubhekiselele kwi-welding yemoto yomzimba, xa kuthelekiswa nokumelana neendawo zokuwelda, ukuwelda indawo ye-laser ineenzuzo zokungadibanisi, i-spot welding trajectory inokuyilwa ngokuzimeleyo, njl. izixhobo zomzimba wemoto.
Inkqubo ye-welding ye-laser
I-laser swing welding yitekhnoloji entsha ye-laser yokuwelda ecetywayo kule minyaka yakutshanje, ebixhalabisa kakhulu.Umgaqo wale teknoloji kukuba: ngokudibanisa iqela le-galvanometer kwintloko ye-laser welding, i-laser beam ikhawuleza, ihlelekile kwaye incinci, ukwenzela ukuba ufezekise umphumo we-laser beam ehamba phambili ngelixa uvuselela.
Ezona trajectories zijingi kwinkqubo yokuwelda i-laser zibandakanya ujingi olunqamlezayo, ujingi longitudinal, ujingi wesetyhula kunye nojingi olungenasiphelo.Inkqubo yokuwelda i-laser ineengenelo ezibalulekileyo kwi-welding yomzimba wemoto.Ngaphantsi kwesenzo se-laser beam swing, imeko yokuhamba kwechibi elityhidiweyo iguqulwa kakhulu.Ke ngoko, inkqubo ayinakukuphelisa kuphela isiphene esingafakwanga, ukufezekisa ukucocwa okuziinkozo kunye nokucinezela i-porosity kwi-welding yesixhobo esifanayo somzimba wemoto.Ukongeza, inokuphucula iingxaki ezinje ngokungonelanga kokuxubana kwemathiriyeli eyahlukeneyo kunye neepropathi ezingalunganga zomatshini we-welds kwi-welding yezinto ezingafaniyo zomzimba wemoto.
Inkqubo ye-welding ye-laser ye-multi-laser
Okwangoku, i-laser ye-fiber optical inokwahlulwa ibe yimiqadi ye-laser emininzi ngemodyuli ye-splitter efakwe kwintloko ye-welding.I-Multi-laser beam welding ilingana nokusebenzisa imithombo yobushushu emininzi kwinkqubo ye-welding, ngokulungelelanisa ukuhanjiswa kwamandla kwe-beam, imiqadi eyahlukeneyo inokufezekisa imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo, njengale: i-beam ene-high density yamandla yintsimbi ephambili, ejongene nobunzulu. i-welding yokungena;Ubuninzi bamandla obuphantsi be-beam bunokucoca kwaye bufudumeze umphezulu wezinto eziphathekayo, kunye nokwandisa ukuxutywa kwamandla e-laser beam ngezinto.
Izinto zetsimbi ezinomgangatho ophezulu wegalvanized zisetyenziswa kakhulu kumzimba wemoto.Itekhnoloji ye-laser beam welding ye-multi-laser inokuphucula indlela yokuguquka komphunga we-zinc kunye nokuziphatha okuguquguqukayo kwechibi elityhidiweyo kwinkqubo ye-welding yepleyiti yentsimbi, iphucule ingxaki yokutshiza, kwaye yandise ukomelela kwe-weld.
Inkqubo ye-laser ye-welding ye-flight
Itekhnoloji ye-laser ye-welding ye-laser yi-teknoloji entsha ye-laser welding, enokusebenza kakuhle kwe-welding kwaye inokuyilwa ngokuzimeleyo.Umgaqo osisiseko we-laser flight welding kukuba xa i-laser beam isiganeko kwi-X kunye ne-Y mirrors yesibuko sokuskena, i-Angle yesibuko ilawulwa yiprogram ezimeleyo ukufezekisa ukuphambuka kwe-laser beam kuyo nayiphi na i-Angle.
Ukuwelda kwelaser yesiko lomzimba wemoto ikakhulu kuxhomekeke kwintshukumo ehambelanayo yentloko yelaser welding eqhutywa yirobhothi yewelding ukuphumeza isiphumo sokuwelda.Nangona kunjalo, ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-welding yomzimba wemoto kuthintelwe kakhulu kukuphindaphinda ukuphindaphinda kwe-welding yerobhothi ngenxa yenani elikhulu le-welds kunye nobude obude be-welds.Ngokwahlukileyo, i-laser flight welding ifuna kuphela ukulungelelanisa i-Angle yesibuko ukufezekisa i-welding ngaphakathi koluhlu oluthile.Ke ngoko, itekhnoloji ye-laser ye-welding ye-flight inokuphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-welding kwaye inethuba elibanzi lokusetyenziswa.
Isishwankathelo kunye nethemba
Ngophuhliso lweshishini leemoto, itekhnoloji yekamva ye-welding yomzimba iya kuqhubeka iphuhla kwimiba emibini: inkqubo ye-welding kunye netekhnoloji ekrelekrele.
Umzimba wemoto, ngakumbi umzimba wesithuthi samandla amatsha, uyakhula kwicala lobunzima.I-alloys ezikhaphukhaphu, izinto ezidibeneyo kunye nezixhobo ezingafaniyo ziya kusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kumzimba wemoto, inkqubo ye-laser welding yesiqhelo inzima ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zayo zokuwelda, ngoko umgangatho ophezulu kunye nenkqubo ye-welding esebenzayo iya kuba yindlela yophuhliso lwexesha elizayo.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iinkqubo ze-laser welding ezikhulayo, ezifana ne-laser swing welding, i-multi-laser beam welding, i-laser flight welding, njl.Kwixesha elizayo, kuyimfuneko ukudibanisa ngokusondeleyo inkqubo ye-laser ye-welding ekhulayo kunye nezixhobo ezilula kunye nezinto ezingafaniyo zokuwelda izigcawu zomzimba wemoto, ukwenza uphando olunzulu malunga noyilo lwe-laser beam swing trajectory, indlela yokusebenza yamandla amaninzi e-laser. kunye nokuphuculwa kokusebenza kakuhle kwe-flight welding, kwaye uphonononge inkqubo yokuwelda umzimba wemoto ekhaphukhaphu.
Itekhnoloji ye-laser welding yomzimba wemoto idityaniswe ngokunzulu kunye netekhnoloji ekrelekrele.Umbono wexesha lokwenyani lemo ye-laser welding yomzimba wemoto kunye nolawulo lwengxelo yeeparamitha zenkqubo idlala indima eqinisekileyo kumgangatho wokuwelda.Itekhnoloji ye-laser ye-welding yangoku ekrelekrele isetyenziswa kakhulu ukucwangciswa komkhondo we-pre-welding kunye nokulandelela kunye nokuhlolwa kwekhwalithi ye-post-welding.Ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe, uphando malunga nokufunyanwa kwesiphene se-welding kunye nolawulo olulungelelanisayo lweparameter lusekwinqanaba lokuqala, kwaye inkqubo ye-laser welding iparamitha itekhnoloji yokulawula itekhnoloji ayisetyenziswanga kwimveliso yomzimba wemoto.
Ke ngoko, ngokujonga iimpawu zokusetyenziswa kwetekhnoloji ye-laser ye-welding kwinkqubo yokuwelda umzimba wemoto, inkqubo yokuqonda i-laser welding kunye ne-multi-sensor eziphambili njengeyona nto iphambili kunye nesantya esiphezulu kunye ne-high-chaneke inkqubo yokulawula irobhothi. iphuhliswe kwixesha elizayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ixesha lokwenyani kunye nokuchaneka kwayo yonke imiba yobuchwephesha obukrelekrele be-laser welding.Vula ikhonkco "pre-welding trajectory plan - parameter adaptive control of welding quality online monitor after welding after welding" ukuqinisekisa umgangatho ophezulu kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.
Ixesha lokuposa: Oct-16-2023